The Canadian Horticulturist. 15 



enlarged, and then the galvanized sheet iron pipe with a Hning of cement could 

 be used. A four-inch pipe would sufifice for twenty acres. For the market or 

 truck garden some such arrangement would be almost a necessity as there the 

 amount of water needed would be much larger than would be required for an 

 orchard. In a dry season it would be desirable to apply at least one inch of 

 water once in a week or ten days. This would require about 800 barrels of 

 thirty-two gallons each. In most seasons two or three applications will be all 

 that will be required, but in years when the drought is long continued as many 

 as seven or eight may be necessary. When small orchards are remote from the 

 water supply the interest on the cost of the piping might be more than the extra 

 cost of hauling the water in tanks, especially as irrigation may not be necessary 

 for our orchard crops for two years in* succession. 



A HINT FOR PLANTING AN ORCHARD. 



Measure off, as to number of trees. See how many rows each way are 

 required. Then plow in lands of the same width the rows are to stand apart, 

 so that each dead furrow running north and south, will come in the proper 

 place for a row of trees, ^^'hen each land is plowed, set the plow to run as 

 deep as possible, and go another round in each dead furrow ; with a steady 

 team and by taking pains, this last round will leave furrow straight. Then 

 measure off crosswise, set 3 or 4 sight stakes and run a light furrow for each row 

 east and west The ground can thus be prepared with one-tenth the usual labor. 



Use best surface soil for filling in ; work it carefully among the roots. 

 Never let pure manure come in contact with roots — place on the surface. As 

 soon as their has been soil enough put in to somewhat cover the robts, puU tree 

 gently up and down, causing the earth to jolt into every little hole and cranny, 

 then fill in earth, pounding it down tightly as you fill it in, not waiting until it is 

 all in. The great secret is to guard against leaving air spaces around the roots 

 or under the prongs, and to pound and press the soil as firmly as in setting a 

 post, taking care not to bruise roots. When filled up level tread or pound the 

 soil around and towards the tree as hard as possible ; then put several inches of 

 loose soil over the tramped surface to prevent baking, etc. If planted as 

 directed, staking will never be required, and your tree will live and grow during 

 the dryest season.— Nurseries and Orchards. 



Provided all other elements of good culture are cared for, it is almost 

 impossible to give fruit trees too much manure. Much of the trouble with fruit 

 trees comes from their being half starved. Pear and apple trees require heavy 

 applications of well-rotted manure, placed for yards wide around the trunk 

 under the branches, though perhaps many think that such a dressing of manure 

 would never pay. But we are speaking of the absolute health of the tree and 

 productiveness in splendid fruit. — Hort. Times. 



