.The Canadian Horticulturist. i6i 



take of setting their trees too shallow. It is probably better to have them stand 

 rather deeper in the orchard than they did in the nursery ; but whatever depth 

 the person may design to plant them, he should make allowance for the settling 

 of the soil. Land which has been for some years in pasture, meadow, or grain, 

 is elevated or loosened by plowing, and it frequently requires an entire season 

 of good tillage to compact it to its normal level. But the trees are set in the 

 subsoil, arid therefore do not settle ; and the owner may find at the end of a 

 year or two that his trees seem to stand too high out of the ground. When set- 

 ting trees on newly turned land, the planter should allow one or two inches for 

 the settling of the soil, and thereby increase the depth of the planting. 



" Persons often tell me that they know of productive orchards standing in 

 sod. So do I ; but this only proves that the land is unusually good. The great 

 majority of orchards contradict this experience, and reason is against it. For 

 myself, I should consider that I could not afford to run the risk of placing 

 orchards permanently in sod. There are cases in which thrifty young orchards 

 can be thrown into bearing by seeding them down, but this is only a temporary 

 expedient, and if the land is again brought under cultivation, when the desired 

 result is obtained, no harm will come. If the old orchard is giving satisfactory 

 returns in sod, it would be folly to plow it up ; but if it is unprofitable, some- 

 thing must be done. Next to tillage, pasturing closely with sheep or hogs is the 

 best thing which can be done ; and if the stock is fed grain, so much the better." 



In proof of the decided advantage to be gained by the application of the 

 Bordeaux mixture, several letters from orchardists are inserted, showing the 

 immense increase of crops gained by faithful spraying. We extract one of these 

 letters, written by G. H. Bradley & Son, Niagara County, N. Y., as follows : 



Our Duchess of Oldenburg orchard is 17 years old and has 375 trees 

 which produced this year 900 bbls. firsts and windfalls, which netted us $2,100, 

 We sprayed three times with Paris green. The orchard has been cultivated and 

 fertilized with stable manure for the last four or five years. There were almost 

 no No. 2 apples. We picked 200 bbls. at one picking, and had only 3 bbls. of 

 No. 2. 



Our Twenty Ounce orchard yielded at the rate of $400 per acre, treatment 

 same as Duchess, except that it was sprayed seven times with Paris green and 

 Bordeaux mixture. Baldwins and Kings yielded at the rate of $150 per acre, 

 and the quality was No. i. They were also sprayed and manured. 



Duchess sold for $2.75 per bbl., Twenty Ounce sold for $2.35 per bbl , 

 Baldwins and Kings sold for $2.00 per bbl. 



