t84 The Canadian Horticulturst. 



The San Jose Scale. — It appears quite probable that Canadian fruit 

 growers will be visited by another injurious enemy in this scale, which comes 

 to us from the Pacific Coast. It is so minute, and withal so injurious and so 

 difficult to destroy, that we mi^st needs be well posted in the means of defence. 

 Prof. Howard, U. S. Etomologist, says, that while spraying with kerosene emul- 

 sion in summer may prevent this increase, the proper spray for their destruction 

 is a strong whale-oil soap solution immediately after leaves fall in autumn, and 

 again, just before the buds burst in the spring. 



Prof. Smith, of the Jersey Experiment Station, says that kerosene, emulsified 

 with soap, is the best spray, made according to the following formula : — 



Hard soap, shaved fine ^ pound. 



Soft water i gallon. 



Kerosene 2 gallons. 



Dissolve the soap in boiling water, add to the kerosene, and churn witli a 

 force-pump until a smooth, white, butter-like mass is formed which adheres to 

 glass without oiliness. The hotter the liquids are when joined, the sooner the 

 emulsion will be formed. 



For application against this scale dilute with five parts of water and apply 

 liberally. The kerosene in this mixture does not evaporate so readily as when 

 applied pure, and more opportunity is given to penetrate the scale. The caustic 

 of the soap is also of use in loosening the scale and facilitating the entrance of 

 the oil. An excess of soap in the emulsion is therefore no fault, and the emul- 

 sion is apt to be more readily made. The water should be soft for best results 

 in making the emulsion ; but hard water can be used to dilute. 



The Red Canada Apple. — There seems to be a difference of opinion 

 among pomologists with regard to the apple which has been grown in Ontario 

 for many years under the name of Red Canada. Samples of this apple have 

 been sent in to this ofifice from various parts of our Province, and all have the 

 same characteristics and are everywhere known as Red Canada. But recently 

 some samples of this apple were sent to Mr. J, C. Plumb, of Milton, Wis., by 

 Mr. R, W. Shepherd, of Como, Que., with the request that he would supply 

 root grafts for distribution among the members of the Montreal Horticultural 

 Society. Mr. Plumb replied that the apple was not Red Canada, but a variety 

 described by Charles Downing under the name of Baltimore. Red Canada, he 

 says, is not hardy enough to succeed in Canada. We give some extracts from 

 Mr. Plumb's letter : " The Red Canada of Downing is a better apple than the 

 Baltimore, but not hardy in Wisconsin. I have not tried to grow it for twenty 

 years, but still we find it occasionally on our lake-shore regions. The Baltimore 

 of Downing and the Flushing Spitzenburg are the same apple. Warder and 

 ElUott, our two best authorities, agreed on that twenty-five years ago. About 

 December, 1879, I settled this whole matter with Downing, and have his letters 



