The Canadian Horticulturist. i95 



soap reduced to the consistency of thick paint with a solution of washing soda. 

 If just enough carbolic acid is added to give it a strong smell it will be all the 

 more repulsive to the beetles. This should be applied during the early part of 

 June and again early in July when the beetles are most active in laying their 



eggs. 



Spraying. — The whole host of leaf-eating insects which feed on the apple 

 tree, such as the Tent caterpillar, Red-humped apple tree caterpillar. Yellow- 

 necked apple tree caterpillar, Fall web worm. Tussock moth, canker worms, 

 etc., must be fought with Paris green, used at the rate of i lb. to 250 gallons of 

 water. 



Other insects which suck the juices from the leaves and young wood, such 

 as the aphis, tree cricket and bark louse, must be destroyed by the kerosene 

 emulsion. This is made according' to the following formula : — Hard soap 

 14 lb. (or soft soap about 3^ gallon), hot water 1 gallon, coal oil 2 gallons. 



Dissolve the soap in the hot water, add the coal oil, then agitate by means 

 of a force pump or syringe for five or ten minutes until thoroughly mixed. If 

 properly made, this, on cooling, will form a jelly-like substance, which, before 

 being used, should be diluted with about fifteen parts of water. 



The apple scab fungus, wiiich affects the foliage as well as the fruit, must 

 not be allowed to weaken the young trees before they come to a bearing age. 

 To hold this in check, spray before the buds open with a solution made of i lb. 

 of copper sulphate to 25 gallons of water ; after the foliage appears, spray three 

 or four times at intervals of ten days or two weeks with the Bordeaux mixture. 

 This, as now used, is made according to the following formula : Copper sul- 

 phate (blue vitriol) 4 lbs., lime (fresh) 4 lbs., water 50 gallons or one coal oil 

 barrel. 



Dissolve the copper sulphate in a wooden vessel, or in the barrel on which 

 the force pump is mounted. To do this quickly hang it in a little cotton bag 

 so that it will be just below the surface of the water in the barrel. In another 

 vessel slake the lime, using plenty of water, then strain it through a bit of coarse 

 sacking into the barrel containing the copper sulphate. Fill the barrel with 

 water. 



If the lime is fresh and pure, it should neutralize all the acid in the copper 

 sulphate solution. To test if this be the case, add to a small sample of the 

 mixture a drop or two of ferrocyanide of potassium. If the lime is insufficient, 

 this drop, when added, will turn brown. In that case lime-water must be added 

 until the test gives no brown coloration. 



The Bordeaux mixture and the Paris green may with advantage be applied 

 together, thus forming a combined fungicide and insecticide. To do so add 4 

 ozs of Paris green to a barrel of the mixture. 



All of these mixtures should be applied in the form of a very fine spray. 

 The " Vermorel " and " McGowen " nozzles have so far been found to be the 

 most effective and economical for this work. These may be attached to any 

 good, strong force pump, of which a number of Canadian makes may be found 

 advertised in the agricultural and horticultural journals. 



O. A. C, Guelph. H. L. Hutt. 



