10 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Edition. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



THE 



COMBINKU WITH 



CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which ha» been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 



H. BRONSON COWAN, Mana:glng Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Dominion 

 Official Organs of the Ontario and 

 Quebec Fruit Growers' Associations 

 and of the Ontario. Manitoba and 

 New Brunswlclt Beekeepers' Associ- 

 ations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 



UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELL'S SPECIAL, AGENCT. 

 Chicago Office— People's Gas Building. 

 New York Office— Tribune Building. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 16 Regent St., London, 8.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist is published in 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month 

 preceding date of Issue. The first edition is 

 known as the fruit edition, and is devoted 

 chiefly to the commercial fruit interests. The 

 second edition is known as the floral edition, 

 and is devoted chiefly to the Interests of ama- 

 teur flower, fruit and vegetable growers. The 

 third edition is known as The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist and Beekeeper. In this edition several 

 pages of matter appearing in the first and 

 second Issues are replaced by an equal, number 

 of pages of matter relating to the beekeeping 

 interests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist In Canada and Great Britain, $1.00 a 

 year: three years for $2.00, and of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist and Beekeeper, $1.00 a year. 

 For ITnlted States and local subscriptions In 

 Peterboro (not called for at the Post OflJce), 

 25 cents extra a year, including postage. 



3. Remittances should be made by Post Office 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. Change of Address — When a change of ad- 

 dress Is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



6. Advertising rates, $1.40 an inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager. Peterboro. Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The following Is a sworn .statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 for the year ending with December 1914. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and 

 spoiled copies. Most months. Including the 

 sample copies, from 11.000 to 13,000 copi.es of 

 The Canadian Horticulturist are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to be interested In the growing of 

 frtilts. flowers or vegetables. 



January. 1914 ...11,570 August. 1914 12,675 



February, 1914 ..11.550 September. 1914 .13.729 



March. 1914 11.209 October, 1914 ...13.778 



April. 1914 11.970 November, 1914 .12.967 



Mav, 1914 12,368 December, 1914 .13,233 



June. 1914 12,618 



July. 1914 12,626 Total 160.293 



Average each Issue In 1907 6,627 



Average each Issue In 1914 12,524 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 

 application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 

 We guarantee that every advertiser In this 

 issue is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this Issue, that It is 

 reported to us within a week of Its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw your advertise- 

 ment In The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends, 

 through the medium of these columns; but we 

 shall not attempt to adjust trifling disputes be- 

 tween subscribers and honorable business men 

 who advertise, nor pay the debts of honest 

 bankrupts. 



Communications should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST, 



PETERBORO. ONT. 



Theories Upset. 



We are all more or less creatures of liabiu 

 Because some persoa at some ume lias doue 

 a certain thing in a cenam way, iliousaiiua 

 often continue to follow the exampie tnua 

 set for years thereafter, without investigat- 

 ing for themselves Che wisdom of their ac- 

 tions, it has not infrequently happened 

 that practices recommenaed by goverameni- 

 al authorities have been foiiowed extensive- 

 ly by the public, only to have it revealeu 

 sooner or later that the remedies recom- 

 mended were unworthy of acceptance. For 

 instance, some years ago, farmers' institute 

 speakers and dairy authorities proclaimed 

 throughout the length and breadth of the 

 land that farmers should cool their milk im- 

 mediately after milking. One means of do- 

 ing this, which was advocated, was to dip 

 it or run it over an aerator. Investigations 

 have revealed the fact that the aeration of 

 milk is a frequent cause of contamination 

 and the practice has been discarded. 



For many years it has been advocated 

 that after pruning trees, the stubs of the 

 branches should be painted or otherwise 

 protected to prevent rot and disease of the 

 limb. This extensively followed practice is 

 now being discredited by Prof. G. H. Howe, 

 of the Geneva, New York, Experiment Sta- 

 tion. As a result of experiments. Prof. 

 Howe claims to have proof in the case of 

 apple and peach trees that dressed wounds 

 are more subject to diisease and rot than 

 wounds left undressed. Avenarius carbo- 

 lineum and yellow ochre, two commonly 

 used preparations caused so much injury 

 that their use is condemned. Coal tar also 

 proved injurious, although it quickly disap- 

 peared through absorption or evaporation. 

 White lead, and white zinc caused about the 

 least injury of any of the preparations used. 

 Prof. Howe contends that there is nothing 

 to show that it is worth while to treat 

 wounds, large or small, of tree fruit with 

 any of the substances in common use. 



There are many people who will hesitate 

 to follow this advice. As the matter is an 

 important one, it would be well for our ex- 

 -perlmenters to continue the investigations, 

 and watch the results covering a period of 

 years. 



City Beautification 



The Domiinion Commission of Conserva- 

 tion has undertaken many valuable lines of 

 work. One of the best of these is connect- 

 ed with its tcrwn planning department, un- 

 der the direction of Mr. Thos. Adams. Mr. 

 Adams had had imany years of experience 

 in the old country before he accepted his 

 present position. Already he is making his 

 influence felt in Canada, and his services 

 promise to become increasingly valuable as 

 the public learns more about him, and the 

 Importance of his work. 



iln the course of a number of addresses 

 which Mr. Adams has delivered during the 

 past few months, Mr. Adams has pointed 

 out some of the defects of our present hit- 

 or-miss system, or lack of system, as well 

 as possibilities for future impl-ovement. As 

 a result of the fact that we have done noth- 

 ing, in Kastern Canada at least, to prevent 

 speculation in land. It has been pointed out 

 by Mr. Adams that we are making slums in 

 our cities every day. There is $16,000,000 

 •worth of vacant land in Ottawa, yet thej 

 are building high structures there, because 



it Is cheaper to bolld in the air. All the 

 people in Canada could live on the land sub- 

 divided around Moose Jaw, and sold, or 

 offered for sale, as towu lots. Seventy-five 

 per cent, of our streets are too wide, and 

 twenty-flve per cent, too narrow. Streets 

 should be graded, according to the traffic, aud 

 number of buildings to be accommodated. 

 Recreation facilitjles should be located as 

 close to the houses as possible. In Eng- 

 land they are planning cities one hundred 

 and fifty years in advance, although their 

 difficulties are greater and their cities are 

 not growing as fast as our cities In Canads. 

 Mr. Adams has addressed a number of 

 horticultural societies in Ontario most ac- 

 ceptably. His lantern views are appreciat- 

 ed by all who see them. Horticultural so- 

 cieties that have not yet done so, would do 

 well to place themselves in touch with Mr. 

 Adams. Should they succeed in securing 

 his services for a public meeting, an effort 

 should be made to have the city fathers 

 and Park Commissioners attend in a body. 



A Remedy Required. 



Although the flavor and color of Ontario 

 apples is unexcelled, they continue to be out- 

 sold on their local markets by fruit that has 

 been shipped three thousand nuiles or more 

 in answer to the demand of Ontario con- 

 sumers for a certain quantity of fruit of a 

 high standard of quality. Were this outside 

 fruit produced on low priced land, picked 

 and packed by cheap labor and marketed in 

 Ontario at a price with which the Ontario 

 producer could not compete successfully, the 

 siituation would not be so hard to explain. 

 The reverse, however, is the case. Apples 

 grown in the province of British Columbia, 

 and in the states of Washington and Oregon 

 are produced on land purchased at prices 

 ranging from two to five times the value of 

 most of the best apple land in Ontario. 

 Labor expenses as well as supplies of almost 

 all kinds are also dearer in the west than 

 in the east. In addition, the high trans- 

 portation charges on the western fruit con- 

 stitute anotjier factor which favors the 

 eastern producer. 



While there is no inherent reason to pre- 

 vent Ontario fruit growers from holding 

 their own markets and every reason why 

 they should do so, the fact remains that they 

 have not yet reached the point where they 

 are willing to put forth the effort necessary 

 to enable them to succeed. The very dif- 

 ficulties under Which western producers 

 labor have compelled them to exercise every 

 care in the selection of varieties, the fer- 

 tilizing, pruning and spraying of their or- 

 chards and the packing of a superior pro- 

 duct. It is this product which is holding its 

 own in the consuming centres of Ontario 

 and the east. This western fruit costs fifiy 

 to seventy-five cents a box more than the 

 eastern product , but is so true to name, 

 and so evenly graded that the large hotels 

 .and other buyers who cater to a fancy trade 

 are wiUing to pay the difference in price. 

 When Ontario fruit growers are willing to 

 make the necessary effort, they will be able 

 to gain and hold this trade for themselves. 

 A few have made a successful start in this 

 direction. The fact that considerable, west- 

 ern fruit is produced on irrigated land, may 

 affect, but should not control the situation. 



The open crate for shipping apples, which 

 has been tried out in Ontario this year, has 

 met with a degree of success that indicates 

 that it may prove a considerable factor in 

 the apple trade of the future. As serious 

 objections are being made to its use. In 

 spite of the fact that successful shipments 

 have been made to the west, where the 



