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THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral EVUtion. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINED WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which has been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 





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EDITORIAL 



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H. BRONSON COWAN. Managing Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Dominion 

 Official Organs of the Ontario and 

 Quebec Fruit Growers' Associations 

 and of the Ontario, Manitoba and 

 New Brunswick Beekeepers' Associ- 

 ations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 

 UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELL'S SPECIAL AGENCY. 

 Chicago Office — People's Gas Building. 

 New York Office— Tribune Building. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 16 Reasnt St., London, 8.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist Is published In 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month 

 preceding date of Issue. The first edition Is 

 known as the fruit edition, and is devoted 

 chiefly to the commercial fruit interests. The 

 second edition Is known as the floral edition, 

 and is devoted chiefly to the Interests of ama- 

 teur flower, fruit and vegetable growers. The 

 third edition is known as The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist and Beekeeper. In this edition several 

 pages of matter appearing in the first and 

 second Issues are replaced by an equal number 

 of pages of matter relating to the beekeeping 

 interests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist In Canada and Great Britain, (1.00 a 

 year; three years for $2.00. and of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist and Beekeeper, |1.00 a year. 

 For United States and local subscriptions In 

 Peterboro (not called for at the Post Office). 

 25 cents extra a year, Including postage. 



3. Remittances should be made by Post Offlce 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. Change of Address — When a change of ad- 

 dress is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



B. Advertising rates, $1.40 an Inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager, Peterboro, Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The following is a sworn statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 ■for the year ending with December 1914. The 

 figures given are exclu.sive of samples and 

 spoiled copies. Most months, including the 

 sample copies, from 11,000 to 13,000 copies of 

 The Canadian Horticulturist are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to be Interested in the growing of 

 fruits, flowers or veiretables. 



January. 1914 ...11.570 August. 1914 12.675 



February. 1914 ..11.550 September, 1914 .13.729 



March. 1914 11,209 October, 1914 ...13,778 



April, 1914 11.970 November. 1914 .12.967 



May. 1914 12.368 December, 1914 .13,233 



June. 1914 12,618 



July, 1914 12,626 Total l.'>0,293 



Average each Issue In 1907 6,627 



Average each Issue In 1914 12,524 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 

 application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 

 We guarantee that every advertiser In this 

 Issue is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this Issue, that It is 

 reported to us within a week of its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw your advertise- 

 ment In The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends, 

 through the medium of these columns; but we 

 shall not attempt to adju.st trifling disputes be- 

 tween subscribers and honorable business men 

 who adverti.'*e. nor pay tlie debts of honest 

 liankrupts. 



Communications should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST, 



PETERBORO. ONT. 



Dust Sprays 



The problems of the Iruit grower ever 

 vary. Clianging conditions require oew 

 methods. Tlie ability of growers to analyse 

 their couditioas 'iind decide correctly when 

 the time has come for tlie adoption of new 

 practices la/rgely marks the difterence be- 

 tween the sucoessfui and the unsuccessful 

 grower. 



Tihe use of liquid sprays is of sufficiently 

 recent origin to ensure anost of our fruit 

 growers ihaving vivid recollections of the 

 vigorous objections that were made to their 

 use 'When a few venturesome spirits 'first ex- 

 perimented with them. The fact that mod- 

 em Sipraying methods have saved the fruit 

 industry is so well linown as to need no 

 comment. Spraying is so generally prac- 

 tised it is only natural that efforts have 

 been made for years to devise new sprays 

 which, while equally effective, would be 

 more easily applied than .those now in use. 



tRepresenitatives of the Ontario Fruit 

 Growers' Association, who attended the re- 

 cent convention of the New York State 

 fruit Growers' Aj&sociation, were impressed 

 with the evidence there (brought out in 

 favor of the use of dust sprays for apples. 

 I'^or several years experiments have been 

 conducted by Lhe Agricultural Experimental 

 Station of Cornell University with dust 

 sprays. The information furnished during 

 the discussion supported the conclusdoas set 

 forth in Bulletin 369 of the Cornell Univer- 

 sity entitled "Dusting and (Spraying Experi- 

 ments with Apples." In brief tliis 'bulletin 

 contends, the dust spray does not control 

 scale insects, but it now seems settled 'that 

 a mixture of an insecticide and a fungicide 

 can be applied in powder form, using air as 

 a carrier, with better commercial results in 

 the control of preventaible apple diseases, 

 and of apple insects, than can be obtained by 

 spraying. The dust method makes it pos- 

 sible for the owner of a large acreage to 

 protect his orchard at critical times, a thing 

 that he has not ibeen able to do with the 

 slower liquid process. 



The only objection, to the general adop- 

 tion of the dust method of spraying is that 

 there is no known dust preparation which 

 will kill scale insects and such insects as 

 aphis and pear psylla. For this reason 

 those persons who must spray for scale and 

 for aphis will do well to continue with the 

 liquid method. 



Benefits claimed for the dust method are 

 that the equipment is lighter, the applica- 

 tion can be made more quickly and easily, 

 es for instance when the soil is wet, there 

 Is no trouble from clogging nozzles, higher 

 trees can be sprayed, and the cost, if any- 

 thing, is less. As yet this new method has 

 not been tested in Ontario, but arrange- 

 ments are being made by the Ontario De- 

 partment of Agriculture for a test during 

 the coming season. While it would not do 

 for fruit growers to rush into its use, all 

 fruit growers will be interested in the re- 

 sults obtained from the tests of this spray 

 that will be given next summer. 



The Growers and the Canners 



The Lincoln and Welland Vegetable 

 Growers' Association has decided to insist 

 that in future canning factories shall cease 

 10 regulate the growers' sale price on to- 

 matoes, and that no more tomatoes shall 



be raised by its members and sold for twen- 

 ty-flve cents per bushel to the canning fac- 

 tories. On the other hand, the canning fac- 

 tories apparently do not wish to pay more 

 than twenty-five cents per bushel for to- 

 matoes contracted to them for the season of 

 1916. The only fair way to settle a differ- 

 ence of opinion of this kind is for represen- 

 tatives of the tomato growers on the one 

 hand, and of the canning factories on the 

 other, to meet together before the opening 

 of the season and agree upon the contract 

 price. That the canners are better able to 

 pay thirty cents per bushel this year than 

 they were to pay twenty-five cents last year 

 is fairly apparent when we consider the ad- 

 vance in the prices of canned tomatoes and 

 other staples during the last few months, 

 and the greatly increased export trade that 

 has come to Canadian factories since the 

 war. Great Britain used to obtain her sup- 

 ply of canned tomatoes from Italy, but since 

 Italy joined in the war she has been hold- 

 ing on to her supply of canned tomatoes, 

 and Britain has had to look elsewhere. 

 Under normal conditions it is not possible 

 for either Canada or the United States to 

 compete against Italy in this respect on ac- 

 count of the low price of labor and raw ma- 

 teria! in the latter country. There is a 

 short pack of tomatoes in the United States 

 also, and they are selling at higher prices 

 across the line than in this country. Our 

 Canadian canners have been exporting 

 thousands of cases of goods. This proved a 

 considerable factor in advancing the price 

 so rapidly during the last half of 1915. The 

 factories are likely to be entirely bare of 

 tomatoes by the time the new crop comes 

 in, a condition which has not prevailed for 

 several years. The case of canned peas is 

 somewhat similar. Uusually Britain buys 

 . the bulk of her canned peas from France 

 and Belgium, but now she has to look to 

 this continent for them. Canadian factories, 

 too, have had a considerable extra demand 

 for canned pears and other fruits. This 

 all means a strengthening of the canned 

 goods market, which is likely to continue 

 above the normal at least until after the 

 war. On the other hand, w-ith high wages 

 and scarcity of labor the growers are not 

 going to be able to make anything at the 

 low price of twenty-five cents, and it looks 

 as though it were a reasonable request for 

 them to ask an advance of five cents a 

 bushel. 



The following is a table of the amount of 

 Canadian canned goods shipped during 1913, 

 1914, and 1915:— 



Cases Cases Cases 



Ports. 1915. 1914. 1913. 



Glasgow S,945 7,611 27,362 



London 143,112 27,282 48,556 



Liverpool 166,196 28,048 45,126 



Havre 8,967 31,696 29,968 



Leith 2,099 6,000 



Manchester ... 100 850 3,150 



South Africa . . 1,575 835 161 



Bristol 4,499 



Antwerp 978 709 



Hamburg 257 536 



Belfast 3,900 6.432 



Dublin ■-•■ 300 



Hull 1.700 4.082 



Newcastle 399 250 



New Zealand . ... HI 



Australia 2,370 21 •_^ 



Totals .... 341,589 105,756 172,632 

 This shows that in 1915 considerably more 

 canned goods were shipped than in 1913 and 

 1914 together. 



The ambitious plan of work outlined at 

 the organization meeting of the new Cana- 

 dian League for Civic Improvement, as men- 

 tioned elsewhere in this issue, will be noted 

 with satisfaction by all who desire to see the 



