40 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral E>(MUon. 



THE 



BEEKEEPERS' 

 DIRECTORY 



The following beekeepers will be able to 

 supply Bees and Queens In any quantity 

 for the season of 1916. Order early. 





E. E. MOTT, 



Glenwood, Mich. 

 Northern Bred Italian Queens. 



J. P. MOORE, 



Morgan, Ky. 

 Try Moore's Strain Next Year. 



W. R. STIRLING, 



Ridgetown, Ont. 

 Pine Italian Queens. 



J. I. BANKS, 



Dowelltown, Tenn. 

 Italian "Queens of Quality." 



P. TEMPLE, 



438 Gladstone Ave., Toronto, Ont. 

 Canadian Bred Italian Stock. 



THE DEROY TAYLOR CO., 



Newark, N.Y. 

 Northern Bred Italian Bees and Queens. 



M. C. BERRY & CO., 



Successors to Brown & Berry, 

 Haynevllle, Ala. 

 Best bred Italian Queens and Bees. 



THE PENN COMPANY, 



Penn, Miss. 

 Bees and Queens. 



P. W. JONES, 



Bedford, Que. 



Bees by the pound, also best Italian 



Queens. 



H. C. CLEMONS, 



Boyd, Ky. 

 Three band Italians bred for business. 



THE ROOT CANADIAN HOUSE, 



185 Wright Ave., Toronto, Ont. 

 Canadian and U.S.A. bred queens and 

 bees. Bees by the pound or colony. 



A. E. CRANDALL & SON, 



Berlin, Conn. 

 "Quality" Italian Queens. 



JOHN A. McKINNON, 



St. Eugene, Ont. 



Best northern bred stock. 



WM. ATCHLEY, 



of Mathls, Texas. 

 Wants to sell you your early bees by the 

 pound. Queens in season. 



STOVER APIARIES 



Mayhew, Miss. 

 Not a single complaint. 



J. W. K. SHAW & CO., 



Loreauvllle, La. 

 Everyone knows their strain of three- 

 band Italians. 



Business Problems Discussed by 

 Ontario Fiuit Growers 



(Continued from page 36.) 

 an open crate. Strong exception was taken 

 by several of tlie growers to the fact that 

 the crates had been marked 1, 2 and 3X, a» 

 it was felt that the use of these grades 

 might tend to deceive that portion of the 

 public not aware of the fact that these 

 markings have been discontinued under the 

 Fruit Marks Act. 



Mr. R. M. Winslow, of British Columbia, 

 showed that the use of this crate in British 

 Columbia has resulted in many different 

 styles and sizes of crates being used and 

 that these vary greatly in their construc- 

 tion. Their use as constituting quite a pro- 

 iblem, but apparently it is a package which 

 has come to stay. No action was taken by 

 the convention. It seemed to be the general 

 opinion that ultimately legislation will have 

 to ibe adopted covering the style and con- 

 struction of this stylo of package. 

 Marketing Tender Fruits. 

 A morning session was devoted to pro- 

 blems arising out of the marketing of ten- 

 der fruit. A carefully thought out address 

 on the necessity for amalgamation among 

 the fruit gro'wers in the Niagara district in 

 the marketing of their crop was given by 

 iMr. J. R. Hastings, of Winona who showed 

 that the time for such action has come and 

 why it is required. 



The results of the advertiisiug campaign 

 conducted by the fruit growers of the 

 Niagara district last fall were described by 

 iMr. W. H. Buating, of iSt. Catharines. Al- 

 though the crop was large and the season 

 at times unfavorable, and trying financial 

 conditions prevailsd throughout the couit- 

 try, the advertisiing campaign had prevented 

 any serious re.tardation in the movement of 

 the crops during even the heaviest shipping 

 season. A demand had 'been created in 

 many districts where fruit had not been 

 sold before and in other distnicts the outlet 

 enlarged, with the result that distributioa 

 had been better than ever ibefore known. 

 The prices realized had not been large, but 

 this condition had teen anticipated. The 

 growers were well satisfied wilth the results 

 of the campaign. 



Mr. T. B. Revett, of Niagara-on-the-Lake, 

 criticized the campaign to some extent, on 

 the ground that it had not increased the 

 price for fruit, and that it had not enabled 

 indivdidual growers to make direct sales. He 

 thought the campaign should have been so 

 conducted as to have established a uniform 

 price. By way of reply, Mr. Bunting quoted 

 from a Liondom, Ontario, paper which show- 

 ed that on one day in that city alone, eight 

 car loads of fruit had been sold, where for- 

 merly the consumption was a'bout eiight car 

 loads In a week. 



The results of pre-cooling experiments at 

 Grlmslby were ffivcn iby Messrs. Edwin 

 Smith and J. M. Creelman, of Grimsby. 

 These papers will he published later. 

 The Fruit Marks Act. 

 Great interest centred In a diiscussiion of 

 what constitutes a No. 2 apple, as led off 'by 

 Dominion Fruit Commissioner, D. Johnson, 

 of Ottawa. Mr. Johnson stated that no 

 trouble has been experienced in regard to 

 the No. 1 grade. I'he difficulty centred 

 around the No. 2 grade. In brief, iMr. John- 

 son contended that it was absolutely neces- 

 sary that a definition shall be prepared for 

 the No. 3 grade, or that two grades be es- 

 taljllshed for the No. 2 grade. A committee 

 was appointed to consider the matter. This 

 committee later recommended in favor of 

 t-wo grades ibeing established as follows: 

 A "Quality" grade, -whdch must not in- 



clude any cuUss, and be sound, of not less 

 than nearly medium size, and of fair color 

 for the variety, and not less than 85 per 

 cent, free from scab, worm holes, bruises 

 and other defects, and properly packed. 



A "Domestic" grade which must include 

 no culls, 'be sound, of not less than nearly 

 medium size and fair color for the variety, 

 niinety per cent, free from worm holes, but 

 may be slightly affected by scab and other 

 minor defects, and properly packed." 



This recommendation was approved by 

 the As.sociation. In view of the fact that 

 the matter would probably be considered by 

 other provincial associations the matter 

 was left in the hands of Messrs. W. H. G4'b- 

 .son, Newcastle; W. H. Dempsey, Trenton; 

 C. W. Gurney, Paris; Elmer Lick, Oshawa; 

 P. W. Hodgetts, Toronto; W. F. W. Fisher. 

 Burlington, and the president, Dr. Grant, of 

 Thedford, who will consult with the Domin- 

 ion Fruit Commissioner in regard to the 

 taking of further action. 



A paper on the grading of basket fruits 

 was read by F. M. Clement, of Vineland. 

 This is published elsewhere in this issue. 

 Dr. A. J. Grant, of Thedford, and C. F. 

 Howard, of Hagersville, spoke on the ob- 

 taining of better net returns by local as- 

 sociations. Both these papers will be pub- 

 lished later. Prof. L. Caesar, of Guelph, 

 spoke on the Leaf Rollers. A paper by him 

 on this subject appears elsewhere In this 

 issue. 



Ontario Apples Inferior. 



Throughout the convention frequent re- 

 ference was made to the fact that apples 

 grown in British Columbia and the Pacific 

 Coast States were being sold regularly in 

 Toronto for higher prices than Ontario 

 packed fruit could command. It was ex- 

 plained that one reason for this was that 

 the western fruit was better colored, it was 

 packed more uniformly and each 'box con- 

 tained a certain num'ter of apples, the num- 

 ber of which was marked on the outside. 

 Doubt was expressed by Mr. P. W. Hodgetts 

 as to whether Ontario would ever be able 

 to hold its own with late varieties of apples 

 against this western fruit. The opinion 

 seemed to 'be tliat Ontario could do better 

 than she has been doing and that as soon 

 as co-operative methods have been adopted 

 more extensively an improvement would be 

 effected. 



British Columbia Conditions. 



That all is not well with the fruit grow- 

 ers of British Columbia, was shown by the 

 address given by Mr. R. M. Winslow, Sec- 

 retary of the British Columbia Fruit Grow- 

 ers' Association. Mr. Winslow showed that 

 in spite of the fact that the fruit growers of 

 the province have steadily improved their 

 methods of production, and of marketing 

 their fruit crops, they are heing seriously 

 handicapped by the large quantities of fruit 

 shipped Into Canada by the Western Pacific 

 Coast states. Each year some 1,000 car 

 loads of apples are sent into western Can- 

 ada and sold at the lowest American quota- 

 tion. The Northwestern States have plant- 

 ed enough apples to supply their markets 

 several times over. For years past their 

 product has not been sold at a price that 

 averaged the cost of production, and a large 

 part of their orchards are being cut down. 

 As the cost of production is lower in the 

 Pacific Coast States than in British Colum- 

 bia, this competition was proving most try- 

 ing to the British Columbia grower. It is 

 expected that the 1916 crop will be at least 

 double the 1915 crop. Mr. Winslow esti- 

 mated that for four years to come the aver- 

 age selling price of Northwestern apples 

 will be below the cost of production. To 

 meet the situation the executive of the iBrlt- 



