«6 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



(Plaral Edition. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINED WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which has been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 



H. BRONSON COWAN. Managing Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Oomlnton 

 Oinrlnl ()rs!ins of the Ontiirio and 

 Quebco Fruit OrnwerH' A.ssn(iiitl<in.s 

 and tif tlie Ontario, Mnnllobu and 

 New I!run8wk-I( Ri'<!keepers' Associ- 

 ations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 



r.NiTKi) .<;t.\tks 

 .<!TorK\vr;i,i.'s si'rci.vi, .vriRNCT. 



Chlcigo Office— IViiple'.s f;:i« niillillnK- 

 New York Office— Tribune BulldInK 



ORRXT rtRTTMN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 16 Regent St., Uondon, 8.W. 



1. The Canadian 1 lortiiulturist Is puhii.shed In 

 three .■.li(iiitis (in tlie i.ltli <la.v of tlie mnnlh 

 precediiic (late of i.-i.sue. The t\rM edition is 

 known as llie fruit editiim. and is devoted 

 cliiill> Id I he ooniinerclal fruit Interests. The 

 second edition is Isno.in a.s ilie ll.nal edition, 

 and is devoted cliiell.v to the interests of ama- 

 teur tlowr. rriiit and vegetable k-r.iwers. 'I'lie 

 third editi(.n is known as The Canadian Hortl- 

 culturlsi and Heckeeper In this edition .soveial 

 paBes of inalter nppearinK In Itie Mrst and 

 serond lssiie.s are replared hv an enual number 

 of paee.s of matter relatinR to the beekeeulne 

 Interests of Canada. 



2. Suliscriiition price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist In Canada and Creat Uritain $1 no a 

 year: three vears for $2.nn, and of Tlie Cana- 

 dian H(ir»i<'Mltiirlst and Beekeeper $1 no n year. 

 For Pnlted States and loral siihsrrliitlon.i tii 

 Peterhoro (not railed for at the Post Olfloe), 

 25 cents extra a year. InoludinE postaKe. 



3. Reniillanees should be m.-ide hv I'ost Olflce 

 or Rxt>resB Money Order, or Iteclsiered Letter 



4. Channe of Addre.s.s— \\'7ien a olianjre of ad- 

 dress is (.Td.-red. both the old and the new ad- 

 dre.sse.s must he clven. 



5. AdvertisinK rate.s, $1 .10 an inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 2nth. Addres.s all advertising 

 corresiiondenre and copy to our Adverti.sinK 

 Manaeer, Peterhoro, r^nt 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The foMowiner is a sworn statement of the net 



paid circulation of The r-ji rrirti., ,t I Tr»r* lo.ilto --t .ft 



for the year ending with December 1915. The 



flEUres i;iveti are exclusive ,il s.iMH'I'-s and 



spoiled coplcB. Alost months, in'-hidlnff the 

 sample copies, from ll.ono to IS.nno copies of 

 The Caiv.dian TTorticulturfst are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to he Interested In the erowine of 



fruits flo"-,^»-c or v,*<-otThleo 



January, 1915 ...11,158 August, 1915 10 294 



February 1915 ..10,942 September, 1915 .lO.OfiT 



March, 1915 10,864 October, 1915 ...10 017 



April, 1915 10,917 November, 1915 . 9 704 



May, 1915 10,927 December, 1915 . 9,253 



June, 1915 10,329 



July, 1915 10,448 Total 124,920 



Average each Issue in 1907 6,627 



Average each Issue In 1915 10,410 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 

 application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



We guarantee that every advertiser In this 

 Issue Is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and becau.se to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this Issue, that It Is 

 reported to us within a week of Its occurrence, 

 and that we And the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that In writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw vour advertise- 

 ment In The Canadlair Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends, 

 through the medium of these columns: but we 

 shall not attempt to adjust trining disputes be- 

 tween subscribers and honorable business men 

 who advertise, nor pay the debts of honest 

 bankrupts. 



Communications should be addreaaaA 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICliUTUKIST, 

 PETERBORO, ONT. 



mmm m hi m mi iai mu .ai «i tMi-^nimm 



EDITORIAL 



iwmwmwn^iMSim 



The Duly on Apples 



The recent announcement by the Do- 

 minion Finance Minister, Hon. Thos. White, 

 of the Government's iatention to increase 

 the duty on apples to ninety cents a barrel, 

 wihich Is equivalent to thirty cemts a box, 

 was heard with relief by thousands of Cana- 

 dian fiuu growers, who were loolting for- 

 ward with apprehension to the marketing 

 conditions wluch were likely to and may 

 even yei prevail next fall and winter. The 

 agitiaticn to have the duty increased was 

 conducted mainly, in fact almost entirely, by 

 the fruit growers of British Columbia. Only 

 Uhose who are in close touch with the 

 thorough manner in which the case for the 

 frut growers was prepared and presented 

 largely by Mr. R. M. Winslow, secretary 

 of the British Columbia Fruit Growers' 

 Association, and a committee of directors 

 of the association, can appreciate how ably 

 the case for the fruit growers was handled 

 by those who had it in charge. 



The memorandum submitted to the gov- 

 ernment s'howed that the fruit growers of 

 British Columbia had exerted every effort 

 to place t-heir industry on a paying basis 

 by the adopticn of modem methods of cul- 

 tivation, the growing of suiUble varieties, 

 and the use of co-operative principles, but 

 had failed to make the industry profitable. 

 This, it was contended, was because of* the 

 competition of Pacific Coast fruit growers 

 in the States, who, for some years, owing 

 to excessive plantings, have been market- 

 ing their fruit in Canada at prices not only 

 below the cost of production in Canada but 

 in the States as well. The government was 

 shown thait the cost of prodnotion in British 

 Columbia during the past four years has 

 been higher than in Washington and Ore- 

 gon. The cost of labor has averaged ten 

 per cent, to twenty 'per cent, higher, and 

 of ithe various materials entering into apple 

 production, such as spraying equipment, box 

 materials, nails, fruit paper and implements, 

 about twenty-five per cent. more. 



The memorandum set forth that in 1914 

 importations of fruits suoh as cherries, cur- 

 rants, peaches, plums, apples and grapes, 

 with the duty included, but not the freight 

 charges, amounted In value to over $4,000- 

 000. 



The imports of apples between 1909 and 

 1914 increased from 56,763 barrels to 330,- 

 907 barrels, in spite of the fact that in at 

 least two of these years, 1912 and 1914, 

 large quantities of apples were not harvest- 

 ed at all. These increased importations 

 were made In face of the fact that home 

 production in Canada during the .same 

 period showed a great increase. 



The increase in the duty, it is believed, 

 will tend to offset the ihandioap Canadian 

 fruit growers are under through having to 

 pay a duty on their supplies, and thus will 

 help to pnt the fruit grower In Canada on 

 a more equal footing with the United States 

 growers. Wliiile it is not expected that this 

 increased duty will prove of permanent 

 benefit, inapmuoh as during the next few 

 years it will be capitalized in the form ot 

 increased land values, and the benefit there- 

 fore go to the land owner rather than to 

 the grower, nevertheless it will be a relief 

 frr the DreseTi.t which will be much appre- 

 ciated by many Canadian fruit growers, 

 especially those in Western Canada. 



Town Planning in Practice 



When the Guelpih Horticultural Society 

 a year or so ago urged joint action by the 

 horticultural societies of Ontario to have the 

 assessment act so amended that people who 

 improve their homes by the planting ot 

 vines and flowers shall not have their assess- 

 ment increased. Its members touched on a 

 problem that was much larger than most of 

 them probably realized. It is one of the 

 greatest problems of our modern civilization. 

 In these days when public bodies are co- 

 operating to reduce the cost of living by 

 the erection of working men's homes and to 

 improve civic conditions by the planting ot 

 parks, their efforts are Inevitably handi- 

 capped and often thwarted by the exorbitant 

 prices asked for land. As long as nothing 

 is done to prevent land advancing in value, 

 where parks are planned and working men's 

 homes erected the benefits sought will sel- 

 dt>m or never be realized. 



In Manchester, Eng., in 1909 a Housing 

 and Town Planning Act was passed with 

 the object of reducing the cost of town and 

 estate development. Commenting on the re- 

 sults of this act, not long since the Man- 

 chester City News pointed out that the re- 

 sult had been to increase instead of dimin- 

 ish these charges. Continuing, it said: 



"Unless care Is taken, town planning 

 will result in worse living conditions 

 instead of better — vide Paris and Ber- 

 lin. Extravagant development raises 

 rents and makes decent living conditions 

 economically impossible except for the 

 favore;! few. The city beautiful is of 

 no practical use unless it be also a city 

 of common sense, providing healthy 

 homes for all classes." 



The real problem is how to make land so 

 cheap that it will be available for park and 

 housing purposes. Tne best way to do this 

 is to remove the taxes from buildings and 

 to increase them on land values. This wlU 

 have the effect of squeezing out the specu- 

 lators and forcing unused land, or only 

 partly used land, into use at prices which 

 will keen down rental costs and make land 

 more readily available for park purposes. 

 Once tills is realized more rapid progress 

 will be made. 



The Collapse of Cooperation 



So much has been said of late years about 

 the benefits to be derived by the adoption 

 of modern cooperative principles In the mar- 

 keting of fruit, and such glowing pictures 

 have been painted of the prosperity of fruit 

 growers in sections where cooperative 

 methods have been established, that there 

 is a tendency in the minds of many fruit 

 growers, and of the public generally, to ex- 

 pect that the adoption of cooperative meth- 

 ods will solve practically all the difficulties 

 that afflift both the grower and the con- 

 sumer. This Is unfortunate, as it will In- 

 evitably result in disillusion. Where co- 

 operative methods are introduced success- 

 fully they invariably result in decided bene- 

 fits both to the grower and the consumer. 

 They fall short, however, of solving many 

 of the greatest difficulties inherent in the 

 fruit industry. 



During the past ten years very successful 

 cooperative organizations were established 

 in the Pacific Coast States, more particularly 

 those of Washington and Oregon. Some oet 

 these organizations have been held up as 

 models for other fruit districts to follow. 

 In spite of the early successes which at- 

 tended their Inauguration these organiza- 

 tions have utterly failed to prevent the 



