April, 1916. 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



109 



awa, past president of the Outarlo Fruit 

 Orowers' Association, in a recent issue of 

 the Toronto Globe. "Before the war we had 

 begun to develop an outlet in Copenhagen. 

 We should give special attention to that 

 market when peace is restored. Just be- 

 yond Copenhagen lies Russia, with its teem- 

 ing millioas, and an almost unlimited mar- 

 ket can be found there for our Ben Davis, 

 which is peculiarly well fitted for long-dis- 

 tance carnage. 



Hull is another point that should not be 

 overlooked. Golden Russets will do better 

 in Liondon than anywhere else. Manchester 

 l8 the best market for Spies. These are all 

 points to be considered in connection with 

 the 'after-the-war" situation. A most import- 

 ant point to bear in mind is the necessity 

 oif taking the management of our export 

 apple business into our own hands, just as 

 we are doing in the case of our western ap- 

 ple trade." 



Packages for Tender Fruit* 



J. M. Creelman, Grimsby, Ont. 



THE question of fruit packages has been 

 much discussed for some time now, 

 and has led to an estimable aim for 

 the standardization of fruit packages. Need- 

 less to say it is a hard question to handle, 

 and, so far, no one has completely coped 

 with it. I do not mean to recommend any 

 standards, but simply to give you the results 

 of our experiments at Grimsby with some 

 packages for the shipments of strawberries, 

 cherries and peaches. 



We did not try all the packages used in 

 different parts of this conUnent. It is hardly 

 possible to test them all at once. How- 

 ever, we did have most of those which we 

 believed to be the best. 



1 Intend to treat this subject only from 

 the standpoint of loag distance shipments. 

 The local markets are a different phase, but 

 a package which is suitable for long dis- 

 tance shipments is usually suitable for local 

 disposition, unless too expensive. That Is, 

 the local market may not pay a sufficiently 

 remunerative price to pay to pack in such 

 a package. 



The points which any package must have 

 to be satisfactory are diverse, but all are 

 essential. First, a package must be strong 

 enough to stand shipment without serious 

 damage to itself or to its contents. Second- 

 ly, it must be so constructed as to give the 

 maximum of protection to the contents. 

 Thirdly, it should be attractive in appear- 

 ance. Fourthly, yes, I put it last on pur- 

 pose, the cost of the package must not be 

 prohibitive. There Is a fifth point which, 

 although not absolutely necessary, neverthe- 

 less, is one -which should not be overlooked. 

 The package ought to be planned for effici- 

 ency in loading and handling. This is a 

 point well worth some good sound think- 

 ing. You must also consider the market's 

 demands, but this Is of lesser account, be- 

 cau.<;e thi.-? can be changed by education. 



Another thing we must take into considera^ 

 Uon is the tendency apparent to reduce the 

 size of fruit packages. We see in the case 

 of apples the tendency is to use the box 

 rather than the barrel. For soft fruits we 

 see an increased use of the six-quart basket 

 where formerly the eleven-quart basket was 

 used nearly altogether. 



Tho twpnty-four-quart crate commonly 

 used for the shipment of strawberries in 

 Ontario does not measure up to any of the 

 requirements which we named. It is more 

 or less fragile, often being broken in transit. 



• RxtrBct from a paper read at the last an- 

 nual convention of the Ontario Fruit Growers' 

 Association. 



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