128 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Bdttlon. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINKD WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which has been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal, 



Publlehed by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 

 H. BRONSON COWAN, Managing Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Dominion 

 Ofncial Organs of the Ontario and 

 Quebec Fruit Growers' Associations 

 and of the Ontario, Manitoba and 

 New Brunswick Beekeepers' Associ- 

 ations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 

 UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELL'S SPECIAL AGENCY. 

 Chicago Otnce— People's Gas Building. 

 New York Office — Tribune Building. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 16 Regent St., London, S.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist is published in 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month 

 preceding date of issue. The first edition is 

 known as the fruit edition, and Is devoted 

 chiefly to the commercial fruit Interests. The 

 second edition is known as the floral edition 

 and Is devoted chiefly to the Intbrests of ama- 

 teur flower, fruit and vegetable growers. The 

 third edition Is known as The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist and Beekeeper. In this edition several 

 pages of matter appearing In the first and 

 second issues are replaced by an equal number 

 of pages of matter relating to the beekeeping 

 Interests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist In Canada and Great Britain. Jl.OO a 

 year; three years for J2.00. and of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist and Beekeeper, $1.00 a year 

 For United States and local subscriptions Iri 

 Peterboro (not called for at the Post Office) 

 25 cents extra a year. Including postage. 



3. Remittances should be made by Post Office 

 "■"^ ^P""^^^^""*-^ Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. Change of Address— When a change of ad- 

 dress Is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



6. Advertising rate.s. Jl.40 an Inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager, Peterboro, Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 "The following is a sworn statement of the net 

 paid circulation, of The Canadian Hortlriilturlst 

 for the year ending with December 1915. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and 

 spoiled copies. Most months. Including the 

 oample copies, from 11.000 to 13.000 copies of 

 Toe Canadian Horticulturist are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to be Intere.-sted in the growing of 

 fruits, flowers or vegptables, 



January, 1915 .. .11,158 August, 1915 ..,.10,294 

 S^/.h^Tdii"^ --JS'ti? September, 1915 .10 067 



¥*'^S'^'J?J® ^"'^^ October. 1915 .,,10 017 



April, 1915 10.917 November, 1915 , 9 704 



fule. Ts!, ■:■■:■ -ItiU °^'=^™*^'-' '''' -J^ 



July, 1915 10,448 Total 124,920 



Average each Issue In 1907 6,627 



Average each Issue In 1915 10,410 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 



application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



We guarantee that every advertiser In this 

 issue is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and becau.-se to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this issue, that it is 

 reported to us within a week of its occurrence 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that In writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw vour advertise- 

 ment In The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends, 

 through the medium of these columns: but we 

 shall not attempt to adjust trifling disputes be- 

 tween subscribers and honorable business men 

 who advertise, nor pay the debts of honest 

 bankrupts. 



Communications should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST, 



PETERBORO. ONT. 



Home Market Conditions 



We have so definitely accepted the ex- 

 pectation that the population of Canada 

 during the next few decades is destined to 

 increase b.v millions, and our home markets 

 in proportion, that we are apt to overlook 

 other factors In the situation which may pre- 

 vent these home markets from consuming as 

 much of the products of our farms and or- 

 chards as might otherwise be expected. All 

 history shows that as the population of a 

 country increases, and towns and large 

 cities spring up, the poverty of the masses 

 grows with even greater rapidity. A.s the 

 free land of the world has become occupied, 

 this tendency has increased. It seems des- 

 tined to increase even more rapidly during 

 the next few decades than ever before. 



Anything which tends to impoverish the 

 masses automatically reduces the value of 

 our home markets as consumers of fruit in 

 a like proportion. If, in cities like To- 

 ronto, Montreal and Winnipeg, the propor- 

 tion of people earning less than enough to 

 enable them to buy fruit for family con- 

 sumption is increasing, the con.suming 

 power of these cities, as far as fruit growers 

 are concerned, is decreasing in the same 

 ratio. What, then, are the conditions? 



In the April issue of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist, reference was made to the final 

 report of the Commission on Industrial Re- 

 lations appointed by Congress in 1912 to 

 investigate industrial conditions in the 

 United States. Th«, report of this commis- 

 sion was made public last fall. The com- 

 mission reports, after investigating condi- 

 tions in all parts of the United States, that, 

 while in some lines of industry higher 

 wages are being paid than ever before, the 

 lack of steady employment is annually driv- 

 ing hundreds of thousands of otherwise pro- 

 ductive citizens into poverty and bitter 

 despair, and thus, to use the words of the 

 report, is "sapping the very basis of na- 

 tional efficiency and germinating the seeds 

 of revolution." Between one-fourth and 

 one-third of the male workers, eighteen 

 years of age and over, in factories and 

 mines, earn less than $10 a week: from 

 two-thirds to three fourths earn less than 

 $15, and only about one-tenth earn more 

 than $20 a week. This does not take into 

 consideration the loss of working time for 

 any cause. From two-thirds to three-fourths 

 of women workers in factories, stores or 

 laundries, and in industrial occupations 

 generally, work at wages of less than $S 

 a week. Against this condition of the work- 

 ing classes the commission reports tha*^ 

 wealth is concentrating in the hands of a 

 few to such an extent that one private for- 

 tune in the United States Is equivalent to 

 the agpregate wealth of two million fivp 

 hundred thousand of those who are classed 

 as poor, who are shown to own on the aver- 

 age about four hundred dollars each. A 

 little less than two million people own 

 twenty per cent, more of the nation's wealth 

 than the other ninety million. 



The report makes it clear that this con- 

 dition is extending, and that it is beginning 

 to menace the welfare of the nation. On 

 this point the report says: "While vast in- 

 herited fortunes automatically treble and 

 multiply in volume, two-thirds of those who 

 toil from eight to twelve hours a day re- 

 ceive less than enough to support them- 

 selves in decency and in comfort." Two of 

 the commissioners, in a supplemental report, 

 state "that hungry, poorly-clothed. and with- 

 out the opportunities that a fully-rounded 



life requires, these peoide become filled ' 

 with a sullen resentment that bodes no good 

 for the future of the Republic; unrest exiF' 

 in some instances to an alarming exten- 

 These people have no regard for law (,■ 

 government, and are in reality a latent vo 

 cano, as dangerous to society as are tli. 

 volcanos of nature to the landscape su: 

 rounding them. Thirty thousand worker 

 in a single strike have followed the leadt 

 ship of men who denounced governmei. 

 and call for relentless warfare on organized 

 society." 



What has all this got to do with u.s? 

 Only this, that when we discuss marketing 

 problems we should recogrnize that fundu 

 mentally they are much larger than mo-- 

 of us have yet realized. We have got to 

 grapple with and .settle transportation 

 rates, the introduction of co-operative 

 methods, the better grading and packing 

 of our fruit, and similar features of the 

 situation, but we must recognize al.so that 

 even were these all settlefl there are still 

 larger problems rapidly forcing theniselves 

 to the front which must be dealt with also. 

 Our own prosperity and welfare is involved 

 in their proper adjustment. 



Mother's Day 



The observance of Mother's Day ha 

 leaped more suddenly into public favor than 

 its modern originators could have antici- 

 pated. Only five years ago. those who ad- 

 vocated the claims of this day for general 

 observance were looked upon by many as 

 faddists and received but scant attention., 

 In Canada some people opposed it a.s a 

 whim imported from the United States. 

 To-day, the day is observed by millions on 

 both sides of the line. 



This year, Mother's Day will fall on Sun- 

 day, May 14th. At first the custom was to 

 wear a red flower for a mother living, and 

 a white flower for a mother dead. The 

 popularity of the day has been such, how- 

 ever, that florists have been unable to sup- 

 ply the demand for flowers, and thus the 

 public has been led to purchase and wear 

 flowers of any color irrespective of what 

 the color was supposed to represent. To- 

 day, the original distinction in color has 

 practically disappeared. 



A pleasing feature of the celebration of 

 the day has been the tendency of Sunday 

 schools and churches to hold special ser- 

 vices or to devote special attention to it in 

 connection with their regular services. This 

 custom Is extending. This year the day is 

 likely to be more generally observed than 

 ever before. Let us do what we can 

 through observing it to honor not only our 

 own mothers, but to bring pleasure to the 

 hearts of all mothers, and at the same time 

 teach children to appreciate more fully the 

 beauty and worth of a mother's love. 

 World conditions this year should lead us 

 to observe the day with unusual tenderness. 



The War's Influence Appearing 



The economic effects of the world situa- 

 tion brought about by the war are only 

 now becoming apparent to the majority of 

 people on this continent. The advancing 

 cost of many necessitie.s is leading us to 

 realize that it is impossible for twenty mil- 

 lion men to be fighting one another in 

 Europe, and as many more people to be em- 

 ployed in the production of ammunition and 

 other war requisites, without the produc- 

 tion of the comforts and necessities of life 

 being tremendously reduced and their cost 

 increased In proportion. When the war 

 broke out, the stocks of retailers, whole- 

 salers and manufacturers in most lines were 

 abundant. As time has progressed, how- 

 ever, these stocks have been depleted until 



