154 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



June, 1916. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINED WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which has been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 



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EDITORIAL 



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H. BRONSON COWAN, Managing Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Dominion 

 Ofnctal Organs of the Ontario and 

 Quebec Fruit Growers' Associations 

 and of the Ontario, Manitoba and 

 New Brunswick Beekeepers' Associ- 

 ations. 



REPRESENTATIVES 



UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELL'S SPECIAL AGENCY. 

 Chicago Office — People's Gas Building. 

 New York Office— Tribune Building. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Mountstephen, 16 Regent St., London, S.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist is published In 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month 

 preceding date of issue. , The first edition la 

 known as the fruit edition, and Is devoted 

 chiefly to the commercial fruit interests. The 

 second edition Is known as the floral edition, 

 and is devoted chiefly to the interests of ama- 

 teur flower, fruit and vegetable growers. The 

 third edition is known as The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist and Beekeeper. In this edition several 

 pages of matter appearing In the first and 

 second Issues are replaced by an equal number 

 of pages of matter relating to the beekeeping 

 interests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist in Canada and Great Britain. $1.00 a 

 year; three years for $2.00, and of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist and Beekeeper. $1.00 a year. 

 For United States and local subscriptions in 

 Peterboro (not called for at the Post Oflflce). 

 26 cents extra a year, including postage. 



3. Remittances should be made by Post Ofllce 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter. 



4. Change of Address — When a change of ad- 

 dress Is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



B. Advertising rates, $1.40 an Inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager, Peterboro, Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The following Is a sworn statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 for the year ending with December 1915. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and 

 spoiled copies. Most months. Including the 

 ^mple copies, from 11.000 to 13.000 copies of 

 The Canadian Horticulturist are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to be interested in the grrowing of 

 fruits, flowers or vepptables. 



January, 1915 ...11,158 August, 1915 ....10.294 

 February. 1915 ..10,»<t2 September, 1916 .10.067 



March. 1915 10,864 October. 1915 ...l6.017 



,,■"■"',^1^ lO'SlT November. 1915 . 9.704 



May. 1915 10,927 December, 1915 . 9,263 



June, 1915 10,329 ^jj^ 



July. 1915 10,448 Total 124.920 



Average each Issue In 1907 6,627 



Average each Issue In 1915 10,410 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 

 application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



We guarantee that every advertiser in this 

 Issue is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertising columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers we 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 subscriber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this issue, that It is 

 reported to us within a week of its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that in writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw vour advertise- 

 ment in The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends 

 through the medium of these columns; but we 

 ■hall not attempt to adjust trifling disputes be- 

 tween subscribers and honorable business men 

 who advertise, nor pay the debts of honest 

 bankrupts. 



Communications should be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



PETERBORO. ONT. 



Marketing Agencies 



Every year a cry goes up from the fruit 

 growers that the system of marketing the 

 fruit crop needs to be overhauled and re- 

 arranged. While there are certain obvioua 

 defects in the methods now followed most 

 growers seem at a loss to furnish practical 

 suggestions as to how existing methods of 

 handling the fruit in the large consuming 

 centres can be improved. This is hardly to 

 be wondered at. Our present system of dis- 

 tribution, with its strong as well as its weak 

 points, has been created of necessity. It 

 has been subjected to much adverse criti- 

 cism, but has proved its right to existence. 

 Any re-adjustment of present market prac- 

 tices must be based upon the fact that some 

 agency must continue to perform the func- 

 tions of the present middleman. 



Tihe most difficult problem which con- 

 fronts us has 'been created by the 

 extension of transportation facilities to 

 an extent which makes it possible for 

 even tender fruits to be marketed hun- 

 dreds of miles away from the point 

 of production. This has widened the 

 distance between producer and con- 

 sumer, and created many difficulties un- 

 known in the early days when fruit was 

 sold near the point of production. Our 

 present methods of marketing have grown 

 out of these conditions. As production has 

 increased consumers have demanded more 

 efficient service, and this has tended to in- 

 CTea^e the number of middlemen. Any one 

 who visits the large fruit marketing centres 

 during the height of the season will recog- 

 nize how impossible it is to-day for one 

 man or one firm to handle both production 

 and dlstritjution and succeed at both. 



What is needed, possibly more than any- 

 thing else, is a system of making known 

 daily the requirements of the different con- 

 suming centres and of regulating the ship- 

 ments thereto by the producers. The suc- 

 cess which has attended the business opera- 

 tions of the United Farmers of Nova Scotia, 

 Ltd., has been due in a considerable meas- 

 ure to the fact that the company has regu- 

 lated its shipments to the different Euro- 

 pean markets, so that they would reach 

 there as far as possible during periods of 

 shortage. To make such a system as this 

 possible it is necessary that the growers 

 shall be organized in local associations and 

 that these also shall work in harmony with 

 one another in the shipment of their fruit. 

 When this has been accomplished it will 

 be found that we will not have less middle- 

 men than we have to-day, but that those en- 

 gaged in the business will be more efficient 

 because of better organization, and the pos- 

 session of more accurate information relat- 

 ing to both production and marketing con- 

 ditions. 



Checking Transportation 

 Interests 



The concessions obtained from the rail- 

 road companies during the past few months, 

 largely through the efforts of the transpor- 

 tation expert of the Ontario Fruit Growers' 

 Association, have demonstrated once more 

 how important it is that fruit growers shall 

 have such an official to watch and promote 

 their interests in negotiations with the rail- 



roads. No fruit grower has the time or the 

 means to enable him to deal effectively 

 with the railway and express companies. 

 By engaging a man to look after this work 

 the Ontario Fruit Growers' Association has 

 entailed heavy expense, but the benefits de- 

 rived have been out of all proportion to the 

 outlays involved. 



While Mr. Mcintosh hitherto has repre- 

 sented only the Ontario Fruit Growers' As- 

 sociation, the time has come when steps 

 should be taken to co-ordinate the interests 

 of the different provincial fruit growers' as- 

 sociations and extend this line of work. 

 While there are difficulties in the way, an 

 effort might well be .made to have this work 

 conducted hereafter under the direction of 

 either a committee of fruit growers, repre- 

 senting the different provincial fruit grow- 

 ers' associations, who would share the ex- 

 pense involved, or by the Dominion Fruit 

 Division. The Dominion Fruit Division has 

 experts watching market conditions and re- 

 porting thereon. It would be in harmony 

 with this work to have a transportation ex- 

 pert attached to the staff to gather infor- 

 mation relating to transportation conditione 

 and suggest steps necessary for their im- 

 provement. 



Protecting Bird Life 



The proteotlon of bird life in Canada is 

 taking definite form. For many years 

 there has been a noticeable decrease in the 

 numbers of many valuable species of birds. 

 Much of the increase in insect depredation 

 has been due to the decrease of their na- 

 tural enemies, the birds. This has led to a 

 realization that step? should be taken to 

 protect ibird life. Some idea of the value 

 of bird life to the gardener and fruit grow- 

 er may be gained from the fact that the 

 thrush, for instance, lives on spiders, ants, 

 snails, angle worms, potato beetles grass- 

 hoppers, tomato beetles, squas-h beeiles. 

 plum curculios, army »worms, codling moths 

 and cut worms. 



A little over a year and a half ago a 

 Canadian society for the protection of birds 

 was founded. Much good work has been 

 accomplished since. Thousandisi of copies 

 of a valuable report, "The Value of Birds 

 to iMan." by James Buckam, have been dis- 

 tributed, and the building of bird protec- 

 tions has been encouraged. As the result 

 of a contest to encourage the building of 

 !bird nests by school children held this 

 spring in Manitoba, some two thousand bird 

 houses were made iby the boys attending the 

 manual training classes in Winnipeg. Sim- 

 ilar contests should be held next year in 

 many other centres. 



A Creditable Effort 



What constitutes the most ambitious ef- 

 fort at the puWication of useful informa- 

 tion in an attractive form that has come to 

 our attention stands to the crediit of the Ot- 

 tawa Horticultural Society. This spring the 

 society has issued a booklet of over one 

 hundred pages entitled "Ottawa, the City 

 of Gardens." It is a credit not only to the 

 society but to the city. Were it possible 

 for more of our societies to issue publica- 

 tions of this character a marked impertus 

 to civic improvement would be noticeable 

 soon throuehout the country. 



The chief expense of issuing publications 

 of this character consists in the setting of 

 the type. This beins: the case, could not ar- 

 rangements be made by societies issuing 

 literature of this character, to sell extra 

 oopies to other horticultural societies at a 

 moderate price? The cost of making the 

 necessary changes in the name of the so- 



