July, 1916. 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



175 



The early flowering shrubs should '^e 

 pruned as soon after they are through 

 flowering as possible. Do not, however, 

 go at this work indiscriminately. Each 

 of these plants have certain character- 

 istics of their own, and should be 

 treated accordingly. Study the habit 

 of growth of your plants Avhen pruning 

 them. You cannot know them too well. 

 The general idea to keep in mind is to 

 cut only with the object of encouraging 

 the .mbsequent growth of vigorous 

 young wood that will produce floveis 

 abundantly another spring. In all 

 oases give the preference to the young 

 and most vigorous wood. Cut away all 

 dead branches, and keep the centre of 

 the plants open to admit sun and air. 



Keep the dead leaves picked ofl! the 



roses, and apply a mulch of well-rotted 

 cow-manure to them. Prune the same 

 as you would any other flowering 

 shrub, to encourage the development of 

 young flowering wood. From now o;.-. 

 till September spray the roses to keep 

 mildew in check. There are several 

 very effective remedies on the market 

 all ready prepared for use, such as f un- 

 gine, bordeaux, pyrox, copper solution. 

 The formula used on the estate of Ad- 

 miral Aaron Ward, where the famous 

 Mrs. Aaron "Ward Rose was raised is 

 as follows: 



Copper Carbonate 3 ozs. 



Ammonia (22 Beaume) .... 1 quart 

 Two quarts of this nuxture is used 

 to 50 gallons of water, and spraying is 

 done every ten days from July to Sep- 

 tember. 



The Vegetable Garden in July 



H. J. Moore, Queen Victoria Park, Niagara Falls, Ont. 



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DURING July much important 

 Avork must be done in the vege- 

 table garden. In fact, it is diffi- 

 cult to enumerate the hundred and one 

 odd jobs which the garden lover must 

 perform in order to produce good 

 crops. A well-kept and well-cropped 

 garden will, however, repay a hundred 

 fold for the labor expended on it. 



If any cauliflower heads are forming 

 break a leaf over them and later tie the 

 leaves around them to protect from 

 rain and to exclude light. Tie at the 

 points so as to leave room for the de- 

 velopment of the head. When tall 

 arieties of late peas are six inches 

 high stake with brush. Peas, which are 

 allowed to fall to the ground, do not 

 pi-oduce freely, as air and light, which 

 are necessary for their development, 

 cannot freely circulate through the 

 stems. The leaves of peas which lie 

 on the ground are often eaten by in- 

 sects, attacked by mildew, or they de- 

 cay through lack of light and air. 



Pole beans which are growing in hills 

 should also at this time be afforded 

 brush if this has not already been done. 

 Apart from their culinary use climbing 

 beans impart a picturesque appearance 

 to the vegetable garden, especially 

 ,when clinging to brush. 



Crops like cabbages which have been 

 depleted by use should have the vacan- 

 cies' filled with a late variety so as to 

 maintain the patch in full bearing. B.y 

 this means a quantity may be grown 

 for winter storage. 



It is too late to sow celery, but plant- 

 ings may still be made if vigorous 

 plants are chosen. During the hot 

 month of July it is well to plant this 

 and other crops in the evening, or if by 

 chance a didl oi- showery day happens 

 advantage of it should be taken. In 

 any case, always water the plants at 

 once, and where practicable shade 

 tliem from .sunlight. 



If spraying is necessary it should al- 

 ways be done at sunset. Paris green, 

 when applied as a remedy for the 

 potatoe bug may, during sunlight, 

 cause considerable harm. The mistake 

 of applying it and other sprays on 

 bright days should be avoided. The 

 drops of water act as lenses, thus caus- 

 ing concentration of the sun's rays, 

 hence the subsequent burnt appearance 

 of the leaves. Sprays which contain 

 kerosene should also be applied as the 

 sun declines. 



Frame Culture. 



Frame culture of late fall crops, al- 

 though little practised, is gradually 

 coming into vogue, for by it many 

 vegetables and salads may be had at a 

 time when out door crops are impossi- 



ble. Where frame culture is practised 

 the soil should be made rich, and be 

 worked to a fine texture. Once in this 

 condition it is easj- to maintain by oc- 

 casionally applying stable manure. 

 Carrots, beets, radishes, onions, mus- 

 tard, cress, and spinach, lend them- 

 selves readily to this form of culture, it 

 being only necessary to cover the 

 frames with sash with the advent of 

 cold nights. The end of July is a good 

 time to make a sowing of the vege- 

 tables mentioned, and other subjects in 

 frames, and from the middle of Sep- 

 tember onward manj- of them will be 

 ready for the table. 



Outdoor crops should be cultivated 

 incessantly. Work the ground with 

 the wheel cultivator or hoe. Not only 

 will this important work result in in- 

 creased crops during the current year, 

 but also by cleaning the soil of weeds 

 and pulverizing it will leave it in a 

 better condition for next season's 

 crops. 



Garden Suggestions 



Fertilize tomatoes in the hill. They 

 prefer a rich soil, and if you 

 reside in the country and keep 

 a few hens you will find that 

 a. few cleanings from the yard prove 

 excellent for securing luxuriant growth 

 and perfecting of the fruit. If the soil 

 is stirred frequently there is no need to 

 worry much about dry weather. Furnish 

 stakes for the tomatoes early. A wind 

 storm may work havoc otherwise ; be- 

 sides, you do not want them lying on the 

 ground, the fruit being more susceptible 

 to rot. 



Paeony flow«ied dahlias as grown 



In Queen Victoria Park, 

 H. J. Moore.) 



Niagara Falls, Onit. (Photo by 



