200 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



August, 1916. 



The Canadian Horticulturist 



COMBINED WITH 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 

 AND BEEKEEPER 



with which has been Incorporated 



The Canadian Bee Journal. 



Published by The Horticultural 



Publishing Company, Limited, 



PETERBORO, ONTARIO 



H. BRONSON COWAN. Manaslng Director. 



The Only Magazines In Their Field In the 

 Dominion 

 Onicial Organs of the Ontario and 

 Quebec Fruit Growers' Associations 

 and of the Ontario, Manitoba and 

 New Brunswlclt Beekeepers' As.soci- 

 atlona. 



REPRESENTATIVES 

 UNITED STATES 

 STOCKWELL'S SPECIAL AGENCY. 

 Chicago Office — People's Gas Building. 

 New York Office— Tribune Building. 



GREAT BRITAIN 

 W. A. Meuntitephtn, 16 Regant St., London, ^.W. 



1. The Canadian Horticulturist is published In 

 three editions on the 25th day of the month 

 preceding date of issue. The first edition is 

 known as the fruit edition, and is devoted 

 chiefly to the commercial fruit interesta. The 

 second edition Is known as the floral edition, 

 and Is devoted chiefly to the Interests of ama- 

 teur flower, fruit and vegetable growers. 'The 

 third edition is known as The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist and Beekeeper. In this edition several 

 pages of matter appearing In the flrst and 

 second issues are replaced by an equal number 

 of pages of matter relating to the beekeeping 

 Interests of Canada. 



2. Subscription price of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist in Canada and Great Britain, $1.00 a 

 year; three years for $2.00, and of The Cana- 

 dian Horticulturist and Beekeeper, $1.00 a year. 

 For United States and local sub.scrlptlons In 

 Peterboro (not called for at the Vast Office), 

 JB cents extra a year. Including postage. 



3. Remittances should be made by Post Office 

 or Express Money Order, or Registered Letter 



4. Change of Address — When a change of ad- 

 dress is ordered, both the old and the new ad- 

 dresses must be given. 



6. Advertising rate.s, $1.40 an Inch. Copy re- 

 ceived up to the 20th. Address all advertising 

 correspondence and copy to our Advertising 

 Manager, Peterboro, Ont. 



CIRCULATION STATEMENT 

 The following Is a sworn statement of the net 

 paid circulation of The Canadian Horticulturist 

 for the year ending with Deceimfber 1915. The 

 figures given are exclusive of samples and 

 spoiled copies. Most months. Including the 

 sample copies, from 11,000 to 13,000 copies of 

 T^e Canadian Horticulturist are mailed to peo- 

 ple known to be Interested In the growing of 

 fruits, flowers or vegetable."!. 



January, 191B ...11,168 Augrust, 1915 10,294 



February, 1915 . .1»,942 September, 1915 .10,067 



March, 1915 10,864 October, 1915 ...10 017 



April, 1916 10,917 November, 1915 . 9,704 



May, 1916 10,927 December, 1915 , 9,263 



June, 1916 10,329 



July, 1915 10,448 Total 124,920 



Average each Issue In 1907 6,627 



Average each Issue In 1915 10,410 



Sworn detailed statements will be mailed upon 

 application. 



OUR GUARANTEE 



We guarantee that every advertiser In this 

 Issue Is reliable. We are able to do this because 

 the advertlslnr columns of The Canadian Horti- 

 culturist are as carefully edited as the reading 

 columns, and because to protect our readers ^e 

 turn away all unscrupulous advertisers. Should 

 any advertiser herein deal dishonestly with any 

 ■ubscrlber, we will make good the amount of 

 his loss, provided such transaction occurs within 

 one month from date of this Issue, that It Is 

 reported to us within a week of Its occurrence, 

 and that we find the facts to be as stated. It 

 Is a condition of this contract that In writing to 

 advertisers you state: "I saw your advertise- 

 ment In The Canadian Horticulturist." 



Rogues shall not apply their trade at the ex- 

 pense of our subscribers, who are our friends, 

 through the medium of these columns; but we 

 shall not attempt to adjust trifling dl.5putes be- 

 tween sub.>!rrlbers and honorable business men 

 who advertise, nor pay the debts of honest 

 bankrupts. 



Communications ahould be addressed 

 THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST, 



PETERBORO, ONT. 



riAtniMLiALmfAiiAiiAimwiiMMnm 



EDITORIAL 



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Economic Issues 



The more the question of markets is con- 

 sidered, the larger aad more involved be- 

 come the issues that are raised. Having 

 discovered how to market our fruit In the 

 best possible form, we are confronted with 

 the necessity of finding a market for it at 

 prices that will yield a reasonable margin 

 of profit. In seasons of crop shortages the 

 problem solves itself. When, however, 

 yields are large and the cost of production 

 high, we see the depressing sight of fruit 

 growers and fruit growers' organiza- 

 tions fighting among themselves for the 

 limited markets available. Even then 

 thousands of poor people remain unable to 

 purchase this fruit. 



In Oregon, the editor of Better Fruit is 

 urg'ing the fruit growers of that noted fruit 

 district to bend every effort to finding some 

 method of lowering the price at which fruit 

 is sold. To do this, he points out, will widen 

 the demand by placing fruit within the reach 

 of large numbers of people who cannot af- 

 ford to buy fruit at all, or at the most in but 

 limited quantities. How this is to be ac- 

 complished is not pointed out. 



One of the first steps towards enabling 

 the poorer classes to purchase more fruit is 

 to discover the causes of their poverty, and 

 then to remove them as far as this is hu- 

 manly possible. Poverty is such a common 

 condition of large masses of the people, we 

 have grown to consider it inevitable. The 

 fact is, the earth is capable of producing 

 enough for all, and does so now, but man's 

 selfishness and inhumanity to man is keep- 

 ing many from obtaining the full rewards of 

 their labor. The Bible indicates that this 

 condition is to continue until the Son of 

 man comes in judgment, binds Satan and 

 establishes millennial conditions on earth. 

 In the meantime. Christians should not be- 

 come weary in well doing. 



The Commission on Industrial Relations, 

 after several years of investigation of 

 social and industrial conditions in the 

 United States, has presented its report to 

 the Government. It announces that poverty 

 is caused, in a large measure, by our meth- 

 ods of taxation. It urges the taxation of 

 land values. At flrst glance the connection 

 between the taxation of land values and 

 poverty may not be apparent, yet there 

 is a direct and very vital connection. 



The things which constitute wealth are 

 produced in, their raw condition, out of the 

 land or sea. When we enable men to hold 

 land out of use, or to use it to less than its 

 full capacity, we promote poverty by re- 

 stricting opportunities for producing wealth. 



In and around every large town and city, 

 large areas of land are held out of use, for 

 sipeculative purposes. Yet these are the lo- 

 calities where land is most required for pro- 

 ductive use. In the city of Toronto alone 

 some two thousand acres of land is held 

 away from the people, by speculators. Lack 

 of employment and poverty results. 



Suppose a manufacturer desires to enlarge 

 his plant. He requires land to do so. When 

 he attempts to purchase this land, he is apt 

 to find that the person who owns it, demands 

 a price that anticipates its real value by sev- 

 eral years. He concludes he cannot afford 

 to buy at the price set, and abandons his 

 intention of extending his sphere of opera- 

 tions. This often happens. Thus he is 



prevented from giving permanent employ- 

 ment to those whose services he would 

 otherwise require. The bricklayers, stone- 

 masons, carpenters, plumbers and others 

 whose labor would be needed to erect the 

 building are not called upon for their aid. 

 The wealth that he would produce in that 

 building is not created. 



Were land taxed according to its value, 

 speculators could not afford to keep it 

 away, through demanding excessive prices 

 for It, from would-be users. Instead, the 

 size of their tax bills would place pressure 

 upon them to ofier It at reasonable prices 

 to those desiring to use it, or would lead 

 them to put it to productive use themselves. 

 Thus industry would be promoted and the 

 production of wealth increased. 



Whem we consider methods of extending i 

 the markets for our fruits, let us not over- J 

 look the important connection that exists ^ 

 between economic issues of this character 

 and the purchasing power of consumers. It 

 is a side of the question that as yet has not 

 been given sufficient consideration. There 

 are possihilities of extending the consum- 

 ing power of nearby markets that most of 

 us do not realize. Would this not constitute 

 a good subject for consideration at the 

 Provincial Fruit Growers' conventions 

 next winter? 



Embellishing Buildings 



Thos. Adams, Town Planning Adviser, Coramis- 

 sion of Conservation, Ottawa 



Manufacturers sometimes try to make 

 their factories interesting, and to employ 

 architectural treatment on parts of their 

 buildings, but It is only when they have 

 ample space to enable them to lay out grass 

 verges and plant trees that they can obtain 

 really satisfactory results. We have in 

 Canada many very fine factory buildings 

 which have been improved by gardening, 

 and we have also many very fine buildings 

 which have been very commonplace struc- 

 tures which are made to look quite 

 pleasant as a result of the planting of trees 

 and vines and the use of window boxes and 

 other floral embellishments. 



Commerical buildings in which stores and 

 offices are situated in the centres of towns 

 offer little scope for the horticulturist, and 

 yet the work which is bein.e accomplished 

 in St. Thomas and other towns is very en- 

 couraging. Under the oversight of a horti- 

 cultural society, flower beds can be laid out 

 on the sidewalks, and flower vases set at 

 street corners. Even stores and crowded 

 commercial buildings can be made to look 

 picturesque as a result of planting creepers 

 and placing flower boxes in the windows and 

 on verandahs. What St. Thomas is doing in 

 this direction is significant, not so much for 

 what it has accomplished as In showing the 

 direction in which much can be done which 

 was thought previously to be impracticable. 

 Princess St., Edinburgh, the Rue di Rlvoli | 

 in Paris, the principal shopping street In 

 Frederlcton, the Promenade Cheltenham andj 

 other shopping streets are attractively laid | 

 out with gardens, and this adds to the com- 

 mercial value of these streets. 



The public building, or a group of publici 

 buildings, provides a most important fleldi 

 of opportunity. In some cases, as in con-' 

 nection with the University and Administra- 

 tive Buildings at Toronto, the value of open 

 space surrounding public buildings is recog- 

 nized in Canada. The result is that good 

 buildings are shown to the best advantage 

 and even poor buildings are made attrac- 

 tive. It is otherwise with many of our post 

 offices, schools, banks and even some parlla- 



