September, 1916. 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



231 



Diseases of Potatoes 



A timely bulletin issued by the Division of 

 Botany, Central Experimental Farm, Ottawa, 

 deals with late blight and rot of potatoes. 

 Paul A. Murphy, assistant Plant Pathologist 

 at Charlottetown, P.E.I. , is the author, and 

 the bulletin, which is entitled Circular No. 

 10, can be had free on application to the 

 Publications Branch, Department of Agri- 

 culture, Ottawa. Both the Director of the 

 Dominion Experimental Farms and the Do- 

 minion Botanist agree that the subject i.s 

 most important, as late blight has caused 

 incalculable losses, but that those losses can 

 be reduced to a minimum by thorough and 

 timely spraying with Bordeaux mixture. Mr. 

 Murphy describes the symptoms very fully. 

 Early blight is prevalent in July, and the 

 spots which it causes are characteristically 

 dry, brown, and marked with a series of con- 

 centric rings. Late blight makes its appear- 

 ance in August and September as a rule, al- 

 though it is always present before it is 

 generally noticed. The first spots, which 

 are usually on the lower leaves or stems, are 

 dark brown to purplish black in color, some- 

 times surrounded by a ring of light green, 

 and they have a water-soaked appearance. 

 In fine weather they dry up and become 

 brown. In moist weather they increase in 

 size and number and may involve the whole 

 plant. An infected tuber is characterized 

 hj lurid-colored, slightly-ishrunken areas on 

 the surface that are abnormally hard. Mr. 

 Murphy says that the losses from the dis- 

 eases are incalculable, and that in the United 

 States some time ago they were placed in 

 value at $36,000,000 a year. In 1915 it is 

 estimated that the lass to Prince Edward 

 Island alone was not less than $1,000,000, 

 representing 2,000,000 bushels. The damage 

 all over Eastern Canada was about on the 

 same scale. Methods of control by spraying 



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