THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST 



Floral Edition. 



CLASSIFIED ADVERTISEMENTS 



AdvertiHinssU io 'his depkr ment inserted at rate of 3 

 cea's ■ word for each iiicrlien. each fiiarc, sigD. or siag U 

 Ittt r to coant as oao word. ■iatB«M cost SOc, ttricHy 

 cash ID advaoce. 



REAL ESTATE 



ALU KINDS OF FARMS — Fruit farms a speci- 

 alty. WriU tor CaUlorua- W. B. Cald«r, 

 Qrlmabj. 



FARMS— All kinds — Fruit, stock, grain or dairy 

 (arms for sale. Also have clients with good 

 city property who would exchange. H. W. 

 Dawson, Brampton, Ont. 



SEEDS AND BULBS. 



BULBS — Of all deJicripHons. Write for prices. 

 C. Keur & Son.s, Hillegon, Holland. New 

 York Branch, 810 Bridge Street. 



PLANTS. 



FLOWERING PERENNIAL PLANTS for aut- 

 umn (Planting. Phloxes, Paeonies, Delphin- 

 iums, Helianthus, etc. Also Madonna liUies, 

 Crown Imperials, White Narci.-»sus — $1.00 col- 

 lection of 10 plants — 10c po.stage. E. P. Smart, 

 64 King St., Brockville, Ont. 



BEES. 



ITALIAN BEES AND QUEENS as advertised 



on page 228. Catalogue free. Deroy Taylor 

 Co., Newark, N.T. 



BEST THREE BANDED QUEENS at lowest 

 prices, after June 1. Also Bees by the pound. 

 Satisfaction guaranteed. Send for circular. 

 J. H. Haughey, Berrien Springs, Mich. 



FOR SALE — Italian queens from the best honey 

 gathering strains — untested queen, 75c; 6, 

 f4.25; 12, $8.00; tested queens, 1, $1.25; 6, $7.00; 

 12, $12.00. Robert B. Spicer, Wharton, N.J. 



NOTICE — Gray Caucasian Queens. Their su- 

 perior qualities are early breeding, great 

 honey gatherers, very prolific, very gentle, 

 greait comb builders, give better body to 

 honey, very hardy, will work when other 

 bees stay in hive, good winterers, the best 

 all-purpose bee. Give me a trial order. Prices 

 for August and September: untested, $1.00; 

 select untested, $1.50; select tested, $2.50. 

 Now Is the time to requeen with the Gray 

 Caucasian Queens for next season. Fay L. 

 Barber, 290 State St., LouvlUe. N.T. 



BEES FOR SALE AND HELP WANTED— I 



have control of some 85 colonies of bees and 

 everything required for an apiary of one hun- 

 dred, including extra hives tor swarms, win- 

 ter cases, movable honey-house, etc., which 

 IS all for sale. Now I want help, October 1st, 

 to feed what is necessary and pack for win- 

 ter, and also help In my own apiary. These 

 bees, originally mine, have been selected for 

 years. This is an exceptional opportunity to 

 buy bees, earn some money and see how we 

 make our sugar syrup and pack our bees for 

 winter. State salary expected. Would like 

 a lady helper also. G. A. Deadman, Brussels, 

 Ont. 



FOR SALE — 50 colonies at pure Italian Bees. 



Guaranteed free from di.^ea-'ie. Write for 

 prices. M. Scott. 412 King.ston Rd.. Toronto. 



BEE SUPPLIES. 



BEEKEEPERS — Please write for our Catalog. 

 Morgan's Supply House, London. 



1,000 GUMMED HONEY LABELS, two color*, 

 any wording, for $1.30. Catalogue free. Eafrt- 

 ern Ijabel Co., CHntonvlUe, Conn. 



STORING IMPULSE — Spring weaklings' yields 

 in long, good seasons equal strongest. Why? 

 Because tiering up destroys work incentive. 

 Quin-Compactness Hives' every super adjoins 

 brood-nest — incentive always there. Address, 

 Wm. F. McCready. Estero, Florida, U.S.A. 



HONEY. 



FOR SALE — 7.500 lb.?, of clover honey in 60 lb. 

 cans. Highest offer with reference gets It. 

 Chas. Dowson, Sonya, Ont. 



details, and this personal attention did 

 much to contribute to the very successful 

 results secured. 



In 1916 the plans call for a campaign 

 much along the lines of 1915. The British 

 Columbia Fruit booklet has already been 

 issued in a revised edition of 30,000 copies. 

 As a result of the distribution last year, the 

 demand for the booklet is already very 

 great. Newspaper display advertising is 

 being carried along the same lines as last 

 year and a special campaign on "Preserv- 

 ing without Sugar" is being conducted both 

 on the coast and prairies. 



Fluctuating crop and market conditions, 

 as well as the changes which occur in the 

 purchasing power of communities, are im- 

 portant items in determining the variation 

 of details necessary for the most economi- 

 cal as well as the most eflBcient advertis- 

 ing, but, given attention to such details, 

 advertising for British Columbia fruit.'^ is 

 proving a good investment. 



Items of Interest 



The council of the city of Westmounl, 

 Que., the leading residential suburb of the 

 city of Montreal, has passed a by-law which 

 provides that all objectionable weeds and 

 plants shall be cut by "every occupant and 

 owner of any parcel or block of land in the 

 city, whether vacant, occupied, used or un- 

 used." It is provided that the city itself 

 may do the work of destruction without 

 notice to the owner and charge the cost to 

 him. Weeds specified include celandine, 

 chicory, daisies, dandelions, fhlstles, wild 

 endive, and wild mustard. 



Woodall & Co., of Liverpool, the well- 

 known British fruit merchants, in their an- 

 nual review of crop prospects, report that 

 the apple crop in the United Kingdom is 

 likely to be an exceedingly small one, with 

 the result that prices should rule high. 

 Pears are practically a total failure. In 

 fact, fruit crops of all kinds are well below 

 an average season. They warn shippers, 

 however, that only good, sound stuff .should 

 be shipped, as on account of the high 

 freight rates ruling, anything poor or out 

 of condition will court disaster. 



Packing the Apple Crop 



Prof. W. G. Brierly, University Farm, 

 St. Paul. 



Rigid grading is the first requirement for 

 good packing. Wormy, scabby or deformed 

 apples appear altogether too commonly in 

 barrels. While grading takes longer and 

 adds a little to the cost, it brings results 

 which are altogether desira'ble. Well 

 graded and properly packed fruit will sell 

 when other fruit will not. In grading, all 

 inferior fruit should be thrown out and the 

 good fruit sorted into uniform sizes. While 

 baskets may be used in some marketing 

 work, the Ibarrel will be found more gener- 

 ally acceptable for average conditions. The 

 box is a special package which requires 

 more skill to pack properly, and its use is 

 not advisable without practice with the 

 pack and experimenting in marketing. 



In packing the barrel there are three 

 steps or stages, namely, facing, filling and 

 tailing. The barrel is packed from the fa;e 

 to the bottom, but this is easily managed. 

 After the bottom head is removed and all 

 nails hammered flat, well colored and sized 

 apples, representative of the average in the 

 barrel, are arranged in rings, stem down, on 

 the face head of the inverted 'barrel. These 

 facing apples should fit snugly. If too tight 

 or slack, they will bruise and look bad 



when the barrel is opened. Usuallv two 

 rings with three or four apples in the centre 

 give the best face. Do not fill the centre 

 with one large apple as the appearance of 

 the others is spoiled. For the same reason, 

 do not use little apples to fill out. Selec 

 the size which will come out right. A sec- 

 ond layer may be put in if desired. These 

 are commonly turned on their cherfts with 

 the red cheeks between the apples of the 

 first layer to give a better color effect. 

 Apples of good color and representative of 

 the size of the rest of the barrel should be 

 used. 



Filling the body of the barrel, while it 

 progresses rapidly, should be done care- 

 fully to avoid slackness in the finished bar- 

 rel. Shake the barrel gently but firmlv 

 after every half bushel of fruit is added, in 

 order to settle them as much as possible 

 and fill up all spaces. A board cut to fit the 

 head, and with a handle to get it in and 

 out readily, may be used when the fruit is 

 within two inches of the top. Gently shak- 

 ing the barrel with this board in place will 

 give a level surface upon which the "tail" 

 of the pack can be built in better shape 

 than is possible otherwise. Finishing the 

 pack is called tailing and consists of build- 

 ing the end up a couple of inches above the 

 chines. Experience will tell you just how 

 high to make the tail. If too low, the pack 

 will slacken and bruise in later handling, 

 and if too tight the apples on the tail will 

 be crushed. The happy medium will give 

 some flat bruising which is unavoidable, 

 but the pack will be tight and handle well. 

 Various sorts of inexpensive cushion caps 

 are obtainable, which will eliminate some 

 of the bruising. 



The Press. 



The best type of press is the lever press. 

 It operates easily and quickly and can be 

 shifted rapidly to take care of any tilling of 

 the bead. The screw press is slow in opera- 

 tion and not so quickly removed when the 

 head is secured. Set the end hoops se- 

 curely, nail all firmly and use "head-liners," 

 the strips to reinforce the head so that 

 there is less danger of it breaking out. 



Marketing. 



No general plan can be outlined for mar- 

 keting. If the grower will produce good 

 fruit, grade and pack it honestly, and estab- 

 lish a reputation for such fruit and pack, 

 he will have the best basis for successful 

 marketing. The solution of the marketing 

 campaign is largely an individual matter. 

 Business ability is a good asset, but a care- 

 ful study of the apple market will always 

 be of value. Knowing the extent of the 

 crop and the value of a barrel properly 

 packed will be a further help. 



In a selling association many of the mar- 

 ket problems are solved by the manageii 

 and the grower is relieved of that worryJ 

 but the individual operating alone may find 

 profitable methods along several routes. 

 Direct sales to consumers or grocers may 

 be possible, or good business relations can 

 be established with the commission men or 

 dealers. While the dealer has often been 

 blamed for poor sales, it very commonly is 

 because he can place no confidence in the 

 fruit or pack offered. The market or the 

 dealer hardly can be blamed for poor prices 

 if the grower is trying to get rid of poorl.v 

 graded and poorly packed fruit Nobody 

 cares to buy such material. The premium 

 of good prices and ready sales has gone, 

 and will continue to go, to the grower who 

 grades and packs carefully and honestly, 

 therebv establishing a reputation for relia- 

 bility. ' 



