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THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



remains for several months, pretty effectually 

 repels fresh infection. If our infested orchards 

 can be so effectually treated as Prof. Smith 

 seems to have demonstrated, it is evidently use- 

 less any longer to continue the wholesale de- 

 struction of valuable orchards which are only 

 slightly affected with this pest. 



Export of Raspberry Pulp. — Some of our 

 readers are anxiously asking to know the results 

 of our export shipments of raspberry pulp. 

 The following enclosure from Mr. Harrison, 

 Watson, is written by a firm which had been 

 testing Raspberry for use in making essences, 

 is not encouraging : 



As to the Fruit Pulp, I am sorry to say that 

 our experiences with it has been a failure. In 

 making fruit essences, we find it necessary to de- 

 velop a small amount of fermentation under care- 

 fully guarded conditions, and this properly done, 

 the flavor and aroma of such fruit as raspberries 

 is fully double. 



The raspberry pulp, as prepared by you, is not 

 susceptible to this change. In the letters of one 

 of our correspondents, it is mentioned that the 

 fruit was slightly evaporated before being steril- 

 ized in the tin cases. If this be so, it may be suf- 

 ficient to account for its uselessness to us. 



It may be that the natural ferment present in 

 fresh fruit is destroyed in sterilizing, but I do not 

 think this is the case, as the fermentive germs are 

 sufficiently present in the atmosphere to excite 

 change under proper conditions. 



We will, however, make some experiments to 

 determine this point when we buy our next year's 

 supply of fruit but at present the want of flavor, 

 aroma and color, in the canned raspberries makes 

 them useless for our purpose. 



Keeping Apples. — The winter 1899-1900 

 will long be remembered among fruit men for 

 the early decay of apples stored for winter sale. 

 Something in the season has caused a lack of 

 that firmness and keeping quality usual with 

 our best winter varieties. External conditions, 

 however, count much more in the keeping of 

 of fruit than is usually supposed ; cold and 

 moderately moist air being most favorable. 

 Gregory, the noted Seedsman, relates his ex- 

 perience as follows : 



I noted that two of your correspondents, in 

 their advice as to the best way for keeping ap- 

 ples, advised that the cellar should be a dry one. 

 Here in eastern Massachusetts we don't think 

 that way, but would prefer a damp, cool cellar, 

 especially with the russet varieties, which are in- 



clined to shrivel in a dry cellar. About 50 years 

 ago, when a young college graduate, I was teach- 

 ing a country academy in Massachusetts. At ap- 

 ple-picking time, one of my schoolboys brought 

 me a Roxbury Russet from his father's cellar, in 

 sound condition, that had been picked the previ- 

 ous year. The next day he brought me another 

 that had been picked two years before. This also 

 was sound, but it looked and tasted much as a 

 cellar smells. I investigated, and learned that 

 the apples had been kept in the house cellar, in 

 barrels and bags thrown in on them, and that the 

 cellar diff^ered from ordinary cellars in being quite 

 damp, which would be inferred from the fact that 

 a stream of water flowed parallel with one end of 

 the house and within six feet of it. 



Packing Inferior Apples. — It is only fair 

 to our many fruit growers throughout the Prov- 

 ince to defend them from the blame manifestly 

 laid upon them for shipping fraudulent pack- 

 ages of fruit. This filling barrels with cider 

 apples and facing with No. i apples is not done 

 by our fruit growers, but by speculators who 

 buy orchards and ship, often under an assumed 

 name, everything in the orchard. Here is one 

 example, taken from the last November crop 

 report : 



Kincardine, Bruce: A great many of the farm- 

 ers sold their orchards by lump and lost heavily 

 by doing so. One man sold his for $75, and they 

 packed or filled about 300 barrels. Another sold 

 his for $25, and there were over 200 barrels, and 

 so on. The packers had to pull the apples, and 

 the consequence was that many inferior apples 

 were packed, so that I fear it will hurt our market 

 in the Old Land for another year. There ought 

 to be something done to prevent them from send- 

 ing inferior apples to the Old Country. 



We hope the provisions asked for by our 

 association will prove effectual in barring the 

 continuance of this evil. 



The Forty-Fifth Anniversary of the 

 Western New York Horticulturist Society was 

 announced for Jan. 24th and 25th, 1900. Our 

 President is the delegate from our Society, and 

 we hope he may bring us back much valuable 

 information. Among the subjects we note 

 Fertilizers for Orchards, by Prof. S. P. May- 

 yard, of Massachussetts ; the Small Fruit Pack- 

 age Law, by M. D. Barnes ; Soiling Crops as 

 related, and Fruit Culture, by Prof. H. E. Van 

 Dewsen ; Comfort and Plenty, by Prof. J. P. 

 Roberts, Cornell University, etc., etc. 



