88 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



bearing apple and pear trees and upon all orchard 

 trees of bearing age within forty feet of such bear- 

 ing trees (here might be embodied the age of tree 

 or bearing age) for the purpose of destroying the 

 larva of the codling moth. 



THE BANDS. 



2. The bands shall be made of "Burlap" or 

 " Sacking," or such other material as may be con- 

 sidered suitable, and shall be not less than four or 

 five inches in width and three thicknesses, and 

 be securely fastened at a convenient point between 

 the crotch and the ground. 



THE DUTY. OF THE OWNER OR OCCUPANT. 



3. He shall remove said bands and carefully in- 

 spect and destroy all larva found therein and re- 

 place the bands, and continue the regular inspec- 

 tion thereof at intervals of twelve to fourteen days 

 during the months of June, July and August, com- 

 mencing on the 15th of June and ending on or 

 about the 20th of August. 



ADOPTION OF ACT. 



1. The council of any municipality who may 

 adopt the provisions of this act shall enforce the 

 provisions thereof in the manner hereinafter des- 

 cribed. They shall cause to be distributed to each 

 owner or occupant of land within the municipality 

 a copy of this act, not less than one month before 

 the provisions of this act shall become operative. 

 They shall also distribute to the same persons a 

 sufficient number of blank forms of declaration to 

 be filled in and signed by the said owner or occu- 

 pant, setting forth the day upon which he per- 

 formed the work and certifjang that the work had 

 been well and carefully done. 



APPOINTMENT OF INSPECTORS. 



5. The said council adopting the provisions of 

 this act shall appoint an inspector or (in case of the 

 council considering it more expedient for the effi- 

 cient and eoonomical carrying out of the provisions 

 of this act, a division of the municipality) in- 

 spectors. 



DUTY OF INSPECTOR. 



6. The inspector shall at regular intervals, collect 

 the forms of declaration and inspect the work done 

 and, if neglect has been clearly shown, shall cause 

 the work to be well done and the cost thereof to 

 be levied as an extra tax upon the said property. 



♦Note. — The matter of penalties, appeals and remuner- 

 ation is left by the committee to the Legislature to define. 

 The committee would suggest that the party performing 

 the work should state approximately or the form of declar- 

 ation the number of larva destroyed at each operation for 

 the encouragement of other municipalities who may con- 

 tenaplate the adoption of this act. 



The Hon. John Dryden is prepared to do 

 anything- in his power to assist in the matter, 

 and only needs further consideration of the 

 methods advised before taking action. 



SHngerland, of Cornell, in Bull. 142, says: 



"We will hazard an estimate at the annual trib- 

 ute which our New York apple-growers pay for 

 the ravages of this pest. The average annual crop 

 of apples in New York now amounts to about 



5,000,000 barrels ; as $1.50 per barrel would seem 

 a fair average valuation, the total valuation of the 

 annual crop may be estimated at $7,500,000. Al- 

 though many New York fruit-growers are fighting 

 this insect -with modern methods, we think that 

 the wormy apples would constitute at least one- 

 third of the total crop. That is. New York fruit- 

 growers yearly furnish $2,500,000 worth of apples 

 to feed this insect ; and there must be added to 

 this at least $500,000 worth of pears (certainly a. 

 low estimate for New York) which the same insect 

 renders worthless. This makes a tax of $3,000,000 

 which a single insect levies and collects each year 

 from the fruit growers of our state." 



Now Ontario follows closely upon New- 

 York State in the production of apples, con- 

 sequently the loss with us from codling 

 moth would be somewhere between two and 

 three million dollars. 



For a long time it has 

 been supposed that the 

 sgrg" of the codling moth 

 was deposited in the 

 basin of the apple, under 

 shelter of the calyx, but 

 SHngerland says, "Dur- 

 ing the past two years 

 we have seen hundreds 

 of the eggs on apples in 

 New York orchards and 

 have never \ et seen one 

 on or down in between 



the calyx lobes. Most of the eggs we found 

 were glued to the skin, apparently without 

 much choice as to location, on the smooth 

 surface of the fruit as shown in fig. 1747. 

 The eggs have been aply characterized as 

 resembling a minute drop of milk adhering- 

 to the skin of the fruit. The ^^fg is a thin 

 scale like object, not quite so large as the 

 head of a common pin, and is of a semi trans- 

 parent whitish color, often with a yellow 

 tinge, which is sometimes quite pronounced. 

 Unless one has seen the eggs they could not 

 readily be discovered on an apple ; the one 

 on the apple in fig. 1747 was unnaturally 

 whitened to bring it out in the repro- 

 duction." 



From careful observations made by Gil- 

 lette, of Iowa, and Lord, of Nebraska, it ap- 



FiG. 1747. 



Egg of Codling 



Moth at b. 



