i86 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



Second-class 

 apple tree. showiriR 

 Iwuler at A 



Second-class 

 tree, showing 

 leader at A 



FIG. 19 



Figure 

 of thiqned and 

 shortened - back 

 voungr tree. 



The same, 

 after tne operatioti 

 is completed. 



li e a u c i n g the 

 Height of a tall 

 young tree by 

 cutting at the dot- 

 ted line. 



Fl G. c^e^ THOmAi 

 — Well-formed 



Head 



root system of trees, and it should be re- 

 membered that unless very hig^h manuruig- 

 and thorough cultivation are given, the trees 

 must inevitably suffer if the roots of other 

 crops are extending over their feeding 

 grounds. After the trees are in bearing it 

 would certainly be wiser to give the trees 

 all the ground, keeping the ground cultivated 

 with the harrows or cultiv^ator. About Au- 

 gust I St, when growth has ceased, it is a 

 good plan to plow up to the trees and sow 

 crimson qlover, rye, or some other cover 

 crop, to take up the root moisture which 



might induce an undesirably late growth in 

 the trees, and to form a protection for the 

 winter. Such a crop, however, should be 

 plowed under very early in the spring, not 

 left to evaporate moisture and be plowed 

 under with more or less injury to the feed- 

 ing roots of the trees. As to the question 

 of sod in the apple orchard, it might be con- 

 fidently said that the best and most success- 

 ful orchardists are unanimously against the 

 practice. Insects and fungous diseases are 

 usually worse in such orchards. They sel- 

 dom get what they should, viz. : a generous 



