366 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



but most of the increased size in crosses of 

 orchard fruits probably arises from the fact 

 that the pollen is more acceptable. 



Setting- aside the usual gain in size result- 

 ing- from crossing, we wish to know whether 

 there will be any change in the shape, color, 

 quality and season of ripening of the fruit. 

 A few undoubted instances of this influence 

 have been noticed with some plants in which 



ence of pollen from observation, rather than 

 from experimental proof. It does not neces- 

 sarily follow that " sweet and sour " apples 

 are due to cross-pollination, nor that the 

 russet on Greening apples borne on the side 

 of the tree next a Roxbury was produced by 

 the influence of the Roxbury pollen. 



Most of the changes in fruit which are 

 attributed to the influence of cross-pollinar 



Fig. 1902. — LoNGFiELU. From Greening Pollen Below, From 

 LoNGFiELD Pollen Above. Marked Benefit 

 From Cross-Pollination. 



the seed is the principal part of the fruit, as 

 the mixing of sweet corn and field corn ; 

 also perhaps in various peas and beans. 

 When the seed is surrounded by a fleshy 

 pulp, however, as in our common orchard 

 fruits, it is still in dispute whether this pulp 

 is influenced, however much the seeds them- 

 selves may be. Most men have formed 

 their convictions about the immediate influ- 



tion are due to variation. Every bud on a 

 tree is different in some way from every other 

 bud on that tree and may develop unusual 

 characters, independent of all the other buds, 

 according to the conditions under which it 

 grows. 



The best way to determine whether there 

 is an immediate influence of pollen is by hand 

 crossing. Among the forty-five different 



