374 



THE CANADIAN HORTICULTURIST. 



best. Either of the others will, however, be satisfactory where the rows are not too long-. 

 The posts should be set about twenty-five or thirty feet apart, two or three vines be- 

 tween the posts. 



Training. — -Four systems of training- are practised among vine- 

 yardists, each of which has its warm advocates : 



1. The horizontal arm and spur system. 



2. The Kniffen system. 



3. The high renewal. 



4. The fan. 



i 



/i 



a 



FIG, 63. 



No hard and fast rules, however, can be laid down in this matter 

 and various modifications of the many systems may be seen in all vine- 

 yards, "All intelligent pruning of the grape," says Bailey, "rests 

 upon the fact that the fruit is borne in a few clusters near the base of 

 the growing shoots of the season, and which spring from wood of last 

 year's growth. A growing leafy branch of the grape vine is called a 

 shoot ; a. ripened shoot is called a cane ; a branch or trunk two or more 

 years old is called an arm. 



ruLi 



FIG 61 



The horizontal arm and spur method — 

 called the Fuller system — is well suited for 

 cold sections, where vines have to be laid 

 down for the winter, and may be first dealt 

 with. Fig. 6i represents the young vine at 

 the end of the second season. The two 

 canes are cut back at «, «, and bent down 

 and covered for the winter, Fig. 62. In the 

 spring the two arms are tied along the lower 

 wire. A shoot will spring from each bud on 



pfGn^b {FULLER) 



the canes, and at the end of the third season 

 the vine will be as at Fig. 63. The vine is 

 now pruned, the canes being cut back to a 

 spur of two buds. As two bearing shoots 

 will spring from each spur in the fourth sea- 

 son the arms may be slightly shortened so 

 as to leave not more than five spurs on each 

 arm. In the early summer any superfluous 

 shoots that may have forced out from the 

 trunk or arms, and all laterals or side shoots, 



