XOTl-:S FROM THE BIOLOGICAL DEPARTMENT. 



459 



Fig. 1942. Codling Moth. 



cleaning- be left till the spring- many of the 

 insects will have left their winter-quarters, 

 and g-ot away, prepared to continue their 

 depredations for another season. When 

 the foliag-e falls from the trees many cocoons 

 will reveal themselves, tucked away in cre- 

 vices or crotches, and in folded leaves, -which 

 still cling to the branches. Eg-g- clusters, 

 too, will be readily seen if present. All 

 these should be removed and burned. A 

 little time spent at this season among- the 

 trees, searching for cocoons, folded leaves, 

 and egg-clusters is money saved for the next 

 season. 



People often wonder how it happens that 

 certain insects appear in such alarming num- 

 bers during the summer. A few careful ob- 

 servations during the fall and winter will 

 show how these insects pass the cold period 

 oi the year. The ^^^ masses of the tent 

 caterpillars will be found encircling the 

 smaller branches. If these bracelets of eggs 

 be removed whenever seen much serious in- 

 jury will be averted the following spring. 

 The canker-worms pass the winter in the 

 Q^^ state, and these eggs are often to be 

 seen in masses on branches. The codling- 

 worm passes the winter in a cocoon, under 

 bits of bark, boards, and in crevices, and a 

 general clearing will get rid of many of these 



troublesome pests. The grapevine flea-bee- 

 tle and the plum curculio pass the winter in 

 their full-grown beetle condition in sheltered 

 spots, often near the base of the plant. 

 Squash-bugs also winter over full-grown in 

 sheltered spots, under boards, and in corners 

 c^ outbuildings. 



There is also a necessity for a thorough 

 cleaning up of the orchard for the purpose 

 of destroying many of the fungi which re- 

 mains on the ground in diseased leaves and 



Fig. X943. American Tent Caterpillar — 

 a and b, caterpillars on nest : c, q^% cluster ; 

 d, cocoon ; <•, male moth ; f. female moth. 



