FOREST RESOURCES 9 



Wliite Pine. — White pine {Finns strohus) is of less importance 

 in our lumber markets than formerly. Its manufacture is now 

 chiefly confined to the state of ^Minnesota which contains the 

 greater part of the remaining stumpage, estimated at 75,000,000,- 

 000 feet. 



Intensive utilization is practiced, because of the high value 

 of the lumber and the extensive demand for box board material 

 for which this species is especially adapted. 



The virgin stands of white pine in Michigan averaged from 

 10,000 to 75,000 feet per acre, although a yield of 25,000 feet 

 v/as considered good. 



The cut of eastern white pine is decreasing each year, the 

 records for 1910 showing a total of 3,119,741,000 board feet. 



Stumpage shows a very marked increase in value during the 

 last thirty-nine years. Michigan white pine lands were sold in 

 1866 for $1.00 and $1.25 per acre, while in 1905 the stumpage 

 ranged from $10 to $20 per thousand feet. A list of values for 

 the years 1866 to 191 1 in the Lake States is given on pages 

 539 and 540 of the Appendix. 



Western white pine (Pinus monticola) grows in Idaho, Mon- 

 tana and Washington and is now being substituted in the mar- 

 kets for eastern white pine. This timber is sold largely outside 

 of the home territory, because Douglas fir and other woods can 

 undersell it in the local markets. 



The tree rarely occurs in pure stands, but is associated with 

 western larch {Larix occidentalis) , western red cedar {Thuja 

 plicata) and other firs {Abies sp.). It reaches its best develop- 

 ment in Idaho, where in mixed stands of the above species 

 ranging from 25,000 to 70,000 feet per acre it comprises from 60 

 to 70 per cent of the total. An occasional acre contains 130,000 

 feet. A single tree has yielded 29,800 board feet of lumber. 

 The amount of standing timber has not been reported. 



The lumber cut in 1910 was 248,435,000 board feet. 



Stumpage values now range from $3.00 to $4.50 per thousand 

 feet. 



Hemlock. — There are two species now on the market known 

 as the eastern hemlock {Tsuga canadensis) and the western 

 hemlock {T. heterophylla). 



