lO LOGGING 



It is only within the last twenty years that eastern hemlock 

 has been regarded as of much value except for its bark, and even 

 to-day the latter commands as high a price as the timber, which 

 3 knotty and inchned to be brashy and shaky. 



Hemlock grows either in pure forests or associated with other 



•ifers. In Pennsylvania the best pure stands run as high as 

 oo feet per acre. The average in northern Michigan is 

 ^joo feet. In West Virginia, where hemlock occurs in a mixed 

 forest, the average is from 2000 to 3000 feet per acre. The 

 heaviest stands in the Appalachians range between 25,000 and 

 40,000 feet per acre. 



The lumber cut in 1910 was approximately 2,669,424,000 feet. 



As late as 1897, hemlock was regarded of httle value in Michi- 

 gan and Wisconsin, and could often be secured for taxes. In 

 1900 the stumpage price was about 50 cents per thousand feet, 

 while to-day the value ranges from $4 to $7 per thousand feet. 



The western hemlock grows in the Pacific Coast forests, asso- 

 ciated chiefly with Douglas fir and western red cedar. The lum- 

 ber is not regarded with favor, although it is superior to that of 

 eastern hemlock. The bark is richer in tannin but it is not used 

 extensively, because there are not many tanning establishments 

 in the region and extract plants have not been developed because 

 high freight rates to eastern points limit the available market. 

 The timber is used for general construction purposes and, to a 

 limited extent in Oregon, for the manufacture of paper pulp. 



The yield per acre ranges from 7000 to 30,000 board feet. 



The lumber cut for 1910 was approximately 166,705,000 feet. 



Some records of the value of western hemlock stumpage are 

 as follows: 



1902 1 $1.00 



1906^ 0.47 



1909 1.50 



Redwood. — The redwood {Sequoia sempervirens) is confined to 

 a narrow belt from 10 to 30 miles wide near the Pacific Coast, 



1 Allen, Edward T. : The Western Hemlock. U. S. Bureau of Forestry, Bulle- 

 tin No. 2,2,, 1902, p. 28. 



2 Sale of Idaho school lands. 



