FOREST RESOURCES 



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Eastern Spruces. — There are three species which are found 

 chiefly in Maine, northern New Hampshire, Vermont, New York, 

 West Virginia and North CaroKna. They are the white spruce 

 (Picea canadensis), red spruce (P. rubra) and the black spruce 

 (P. mariana). The present stand is estimated at 50,000,000,000 

 feet, four-fifths of which is in New England and New York. 



Spruce occurs in pure stands on the higher elevations, and in 

 mixture with beech, birch, hard maple and eastern hemlock on 

 the lower elevations. It reaches its best form in the mountains 

 of West Virginia at an elevation of from 3000 to 4600 feet. Bal- 

 sam fir {Abies balsamea) is associated with spruce in the northern 

 part of its range and is now marketed with it for pulp wood, 

 without distinction as to price. 



Spruce is one of the most valuable species for the production 

 of paper pulp and several million cords of Canadian and domestic 

 spruce are consumed annually for this purpose. In addition it 

 is used for house timbers, clapboards and general construction 

 purposes. The chief home markets are in New England and 

 the Northern tide- water ports. 



The following shows the approximate stands in the various 

 states: 



The cut of lumber in 19 10 was 1,162,931,000 feet. 



Spruce pulpwood stumpage in northern New York is held at 

 from $3.50 to $4 per cord and saw logs at from $1.50 to $2 per 

 standard for well-located timber. Saw timber in New Hamp- 

 shire is held at from $5.50 to $6 per thousand feet, pulpwood in 

 Maine at from $4 to $4.50 per cord, and saw-log timber in West 

 Virginia at from $4 to $5 per thousand feet. 



