FOREST RESOURCES 1 7 



Engelmann spruce, which is of the greater importance com- 

 mercially, grows at high altitudes often in pure forests. It is 

 frequently associated with alpine fir, western larch, lodgepole 

 pine and western yellow pine. 



The timber is sawed into lumber and dimension stock for 

 local construction purposes. 



On moist flats and along streams Engelmann spruce and lodge- 

 pole pine form stands of from 40,000 to 50,000 feet. On the 

 Pike National Forest the maximum stands are 35,000 feet and 

 the average stands 5000 feet. In the Sopris National Forest 

 in Colorado, the stands of Engelmann spruce and associated 

 species range from 4000 to 20,000 feet per acre, of which the 

 former constitutes from 35 to 75 per cent. The stumpage value 

 ranges from $2 to $3.50 per thousand feet. 



Sitka spruce is the chief commercial species of Alaska. It is 

 seldom found in pure stands, except on areas of from i to 3 acres 

 on which the stand ranges from 10,000 to 90,000 feet per acre. 

 Individual trees have been reported which contain 25,000 feet. 

 On the lower elevations, which are the only places it grows to 

 commercial size, it is usually associated with western hemlock, 

 western red cedar and yellow cypress. 



In Alaska it is used chiefly for box shooks for the salmon 

 industry and for building material. 



The stumpage value on the Tongass National Forest is about 

 $1 per thousand feet. 



The lumber cut of western spruce in 19 10 was approximately 

 286,981,000 feet, the greater part of which came from Washing- 

 ton. 



Other Conifers. — Among the conifers cut in small quantities 

 are the eastern larch {Larix americana), now often sold with 

 Norway and white pine, and also made into crossties, posts and 

 poles; the western larch {L. occidentalis) , manufactured into 

 dimension lumber, ties and posts; eastern red cedar {Juniperus 

 virginiana) , used chiefly for pencil wood, posts and poles ; and a 

 number of pines found in the western part of the country which 

 are of local importance only. 



