l8 LOGGING 



HARDWOODS 



The hardwood forests extend south from northern New York 

 through the Appalachian Mountains and from central Wis- 

 consin and Michigan through the valleys of the Mississippi and 

 Ohio rivers to central Louisiana, Mississippi and Alabama, and 

 west to the Great Plains. The chief commercial species are the 

 oaks, sugar maple, yellow poplar, red gum, chestnut, beech, 

 birch, basswood, hickory, elm, ash and cottonwood. 



The lumber cut in 1910 of the above hardwoods was 8,615,- 

 000,000 feet or 21.5 per cent of the total lumber cut of the 

 country. 



Yellow Poplar. — Among the more valuable hardwoods is the 

 yellow poplar {Liriodendron tulipifera) which occurs, chiefly, in 

 the rich hardwood forests of Virginia, West Virginia, Tennessee, 

 North Carolina and Kentucky. It is used chiefly for weather- 

 boarding, interior finish, furniture, bodies of automobiles and 

 carriages, wagon boxes, woodenware, box boards and paper 

 pulp. Wide boards command a high price for panels and 

 shelving. 



The average stand per acre is seldom more than 2000 feet. 

 The timber in Kentucky and Tennessee in 1890 was held at 

 60 cents per thousand feet but it now commands a stumpage 

 price of from $8 to $12 per thousand feet. 



The cut in 1910 was 734,926,000 board feet. 



Oaks. — White oak {Quercus alba) is the most valuable of the 

 numerous oaks and the best timber comes from the Appalachian 

 region. The wood is used principally for high grade furniture, 

 cooperage stock, car frame material, flooring, interior finish, 

 agricultural implements, and crossties for railroads. 



Several species belonging to the white oak group are now 

 marketed as white oak, although but few show the fine radial 

 markings of Quercus alba. White oak stumpage values range 

 between $6 and $12 per thousand feet. 



The red and black oaks are indigenous to the same region as 

 the white oaks and are now used extensively for cooperage, 

 interior finish, car frame material, furniture and many other 



