FOREST RESOURCES 19 



uses where strength is desirable. They are not as durable as 

 the white oaks but large quantities are treated with chemical 

 preservatives and used for crossties. 



The stumpage is valued at from $3 to $6 per thousand. 



The cut of oak lumber of all kinds in 191 1 was 3,098,444,000 

 feet. 



Maple. — Lumber is manufactured from several species, 

 namely, the hard maple {Acer saccharum), the black maple {A. 

 nigrum), the red maple {A. rubrum), the silver maple (A. sac- 

 charinum) and the Oregon maple {A . macro phyllum) . The hard 

 and the black maples produce the most valuable lumber, which 

 is cut chiefly in Pennsylvania, the Lake States, New York, West 

 Virginia, Ohio, Indiana and some of the southern and New 

 England States. The lumber is prized for flooring and furniture 

 and is also used for woodenware and gunstocks. Large quan- 

 tities of the rough wood are utihzed in destructive distillation. 



The lumber cut of maple in 1910 was 1,006,637,000 feet. 



Maple stumpage in New York is valued at from $2.50 to $5 

 per thousand feet; in Michigan from $5 to $8 per thousand 

 feet; and in Indiana from $6 to $8 per thousand feet. 



Red Gum. — The red gum {Liquidamhar styraciflua) is largely 

 a tree of the lowlands and is found in the best form and in the 

 heaviest stands along the Mississippi River bottoms in Arkansas, 

 Mississippi, Missouri, Tennessee and Kentucky. 



Virgin bottom lands in Missouri contain about 5500 feet per 

 acre of merchantable timber and in South Carohna 4000 feet. 

 Second-growth bottom land in the latter state runs as high as 

 13,000 feet per acre. The maximum stands in the Mississippi 

 River bottoms seldom exceed 15,000 feet. 



Red gum has only recently been an important factor in the 

 hardwood market because the wood warps badly in seasoning. 

 Improved methods of handling and the scarcity of other species 

 have greatly increased its use, and it is now employed extensively 

 for furniture, tobacco boxes, fruit packages, and slack cooperage. 



The lumber cut in 1910 was 610,208,000 feet. 



Stumpage values in the South range from $1 to $2.50, and in 

 Indiana from $5 to $8 per thousand feet. 



