20 LOGGIXG 



Chestnut. — Chestnut (Castanea detitata) is widely distributed 

 over the Central hardwood region, although nearly 50 per cent 

 of the entire product is manufactured in West Virginia, Penn- 

 sylvania and Virginia. The wood is extensively used for furni- 

 ture, interior finish, shingles, fencing, telephone poles, veneer 

 backing, slack cooperage and for the production of tannin 

 extract. 



Chestnut grows in mixed forests of oak and other hardwoods 

 but the sprout forests are largely pure. 



The stand per acre is extremely variable, but averages from 

 2000 to 6000 feet. Chestnut stumpage ranges from $3 to $5 

 per thousand feet in the Appalachian region and from $5 to $7 

 per thousand feet in the sprout forests of Connecticut. 



During the year 1910, 535,049,000 feet of lumber and 52,- 

 091,000 shingles were manufactured from this species. 



Beech. — Beech (Fagus americana) is found chiefly in the 

 northern and Appalachian forests associated with maple and 

 birch, but the center of beech lumber production is in Michigan, 

 Indiana and Pennsylvania. 



The chief uses of beech are for tool handles, clothes pins, 

 flooring, slack cooperage, veneers and woodenware. Large 

 quantities of rough wood are used for the production of wood 

 alcohol and other products of distillation. 



The lumber cut in 1910 was 437,325,000 feet. 



Stumpage values in northern New York and at points in the 

 South range from $2 to $3.50 per thousand feet; in Michigan 

 from $3 to $5 per thousand feet; and in the jMiddle West from 

 $6 to $10 per thousand feet. 



Birch. — The commercial distribution of birch is largely con- 

 fined to the states of Wisconsin, Michigan and Maine and is 

 associated chiefly with maple and beech, in stands running from 

 3000 to 8000 feet per acre. Paper birch {Betula papyrijera) in 

 Maine averages about two cords per acre, with a maximum of 

 fifty cords per acre. 



The yellow birch {B. lutea) and sweet birch {B. lento) are used 

 largely for furniture, vehicle hubs, tool handles, flooring, interior 

 finish, veneers, cooperage, spool stock and novelties. The paper 



