FOREST RESOURCES 21 



birch of Maine is used chiefly for spool stock, shoe pegs and 

 shanks, toothpicks and novelty work. 



The lumber cut of birch in igio was 420,769,000 feet, of which 

 the paper birch comprised 32,000,000 feet. 



Yellow birch stumpage in northern New York is valued at 

 from $4 to $6 per thousand feet with somewhat higher values 

 in the Lake States. Paper birch in Maine is valued at from 75 

 cents to $2 per cord, the average being $1.50. 



Basswood. — This tree {Tilia americana) is associated with 

 hemlock and other hardwoods in the northern and Appalachian 

 forests. It is manufactured extensively into siding, rotary-cut 

 veneer, car hning, heading, excelsior, baskets, slack cooperage, 

 furniture backs, carriage bodies, pulpwood, etc. Although not 

 durable it is one of the more valuable hardwoods because of its 

 Hght weight, and the odorless character of the wood. 



The lumber cut in 1910 was 344,704,000 feet. The chief 

 center of manufacture is Wisconsin where nearly 40 per cent of 

 the total output is produced. 



Stumpage values range from $5 to $7 per thousand feet for 

 well-located timber. 



Hickory. — The present commercial stands of hickory are 

 found in the Appalachian and the Mississippi River regions. 

 There are four species of commercial importance, namely, the 

 big shellbark {Hicoria laciniosa), the shagbark {H. ovata), the 

 pignut {H. glabra) and the mockernut {H. alba). The strongest 

 and toughest one is the pignut, although the shagbark is but 

 slightly inferior to it. The big shellbark is of medium quality 

 only, while the mockernut is lacking in toughness, although it 

 is strong. 



The manufacture of hickory lumber centers in Tennessee, 

 Arkansas, Kentucky and Missouri. These states now produce 

 more than 50 per cent of the total cut. 



Hickory occurs singly among other hardwoods. The stands 

 over large areas frequently range from 200 to 400 board feet 

 per acre. 



About 65 per cent of the hickory cut is used for vehicle stock, 

 10 per cent for tool handles, 9 per cent for heavy wagons, 8 per 



