22 LOGGING 



cent for agricultural implements, and the remainder for novelties 

 of various kinds. About 1,000,000 cords are used annually for 

 fuel. Saplings are sometimes split into barrel hoops, but this 

 practice is less common than formerly. 



The lumber cut for 1910 was 272,252,000 feet. 



Stumpage prices in the South range from $5 to $8 per thousand 

 feet; in northern Ohio from $15 to $25 per thousand feet; and 

 in eastern Pennsylvania, Maryland and Virginia from $15 to 

 $35 per thousand feet. 



Elm. — There are three elms commercially important in the 

 United States, the rock elm {Ulmus racemosa), slippery or red 

 elm (U. pubescens) and the white elm (U. americana), all of 

 which grow in the rich bottom lands along streams. Over one- 

 half of the output is from the states of Wisconsin, Michigan and 

 Indiana. Elm wood is used for hubs, bicycle rims, slack cooper- 

 age, coiled hoops, basket splints, etc. 



The cut in 1910 was over 265,107,000 feet. 



Stumpage values in the South range from $3 to $5 and in 

 Indiana and the Middle West from $8 to $10 per thousand 

 feet. 



Ash. — There are numerous species of ash in the United 

 States, but about 60 per cent of the lumber cut is white ash 

 {Fraxinus americana), and 30 per cent black ash {F. nigra). The 

 greater part of the lumber output is manufactured in the states 

 bordering on the Ohio and Mississippi rivers and also in New 

 York, Pennsylvania, West Virginia and Vermont. Fully one- 

 half of the output is produced in Arkansas, Ohio, Wisconsin, 

 Kentucky, Indiana and Michigan. 



It is in especial favor for poles and shafts of wagons and 

 carriages, sporting goods, agricultural implements, hoops and 

 staves for pork barrels, packages and tool handles. 



The lumber cut for 1910 was 246,035,000 feet. 



In the lower Mississippi bottoms the timber ranges from 

 2000 to 5000 feet per acre. 



The stumpage values in Michigan in 1890 ranged from $1 to 

 $3.50 per thousand feet. To-day they are from $6 to $12 per 

 thousand feet. 



