CHAPTER VI 



WOODWORKERS' TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 



AXES 



An ax head consists of two parts: namely, the bit or cutting 

 edge and the head or poll. The latter has an eye into which is 

 fitted the helve or handle. There are several types of axes, chief 

 among which are the felling ax, the broadax and the turpentine 

 ax. 



Felling Ax. — This is used for felling, log-making, swamping 

 and other chopping work. The head is made in a variety of 

 patterns and of several weights. It tapers from the poll to 

 the bit and has either smooth, slightly concave or beveled 

 sides. The eye is oval-shaped and has a larger diameter on the 

 side opposite the handle in order that a wedge may be inserted in 

 the handle head. The head may have one or two cutting edges. 

 The former is known as a single-bitted and the latter as a double- 

 bitted ax. A single-bit is in common use where a Hght ax is 

 required, where a single cutting blade is needed, or where the 

 ax is to be used for striking. A double-bitted ax is service- 

 able where a woodsman has need of a sharp cutting edge, and at 

 times must cut dry knots and other material that quickly dull 

 the tool. It is a favorite with swampers and some sawyers prefer 

 it for driving wedges. 



Bits are made of steel and are either straight or curved. 

 They must be properly tempered for if too soft the edge will 

 turn and if too hard it will break. 



The weight of the head depends on the character of work that 

 is to be performed and the personal ideas of the laborer. For 

 felling in ordinary timber a head weighing from 3I to 4 pounds 

 is generally used. This is somewhat lighter than those used by 

 swampers and others who cut limbs and brush, snipe logs and 

 perform similar work. 



