WOODWORKERS' TOOLS AND EQUIPMENT 



75 



saw and are tightened by a screw inside the handle. Either form 

 permits ready removal from the blade. Handles cost from 15 

 to 75 cents a pair, the average price being about 25 cents. 



Fig. 13. — Common Types of Cross-cut Saw Handles, a. Reversible saw handle 

 used in the Pacific Coast forests, h. Clima.x pattern saw handle, c. Hoop 

 handle. 



Teeth. — The teeth on a cross-cut saw are arranged in pairs, 

 trios or quadruplets, each set of which is usually separated by a 

 cleaner or raker for removing the sawdust. Where skilful filers 

 are not available a saw without rakers is used, the sawdust being 

 carried out of the cut by the teeth. The forms of teeth preferred 

 are as follows : yellow pine, cypress and spruce — perforated 

 lance teeth, arranged in sets of four (Fig. 14a) ; white pine, hem- 

 lock and cedar — broad teeth in sets of two (Fig. 14b); poplar 

 and Cottonwood — heavy sohd teeth in twos (Fig. 14c); redwood 

 - — solid lance teeth in twos (Fig. i4d) ; Douglas fir — sohd lance 

 teeth in fours (Fig. i4e) ; white oak — solid teeth in sets of three 

 (Fig. i4f). 



The cutting teeth constitute a series of knives which strike the 

 fibres at right angles and sever them on either side of the cut. 

 The cleaners or rakers free the severed fibres which are ther 

 carried out in the cavities of the teeth in the form of sawdust 

 occupying about six times as much space as the fibres did pre- 

 vious to cutting. Long, stringy sawdust denotes a well-fitted 

 saw. 



Loose-textured and long-fibred woods are the most difficult to 



