FELLING AND LOG-MAKING 99 



on the upper face and continued until the log breaks off from 

 its own weight. 



(3) When the bole is supported at both ends the cut is 

 usually started on the under side and continued until it ex- 

 tends one-half or two-thirds of the distance through the log. 

 A cut is then started on the upper side of the bole and con- 

 tinued until the log is severed. The bole is often supported by 

 heavy sticks placed in a vertical position under both sides of 

 the cut. 



(4) When the bole is sprung between trees or stumps the 

 general practice is to make a deep cut on the concave face and 

 then to saw or chop on the outer face. Caution is required 

 where trees are badly strained because they may break with 

 considerable force and injure the workmen. 



In small- and medium-sized timber it is generally the duty 

 of the felling crew to cut the bole into logs as soon as the tree 

 has been felled. An exception to this occurs where the bark of 

 trees such as hemlock, chestnut oak and tanbark oak are sought 

 for tanning purposes. In this case the felling of the trees and 

 the stripping of the bark are done by a crew whose work may 

 precede the actual logging operation by several weeks. Log- 

 making under these circumstances is often done by a separate 

 crew. 



Log-making in the large timber of the Pacific Coast has been 

 developed along special lines. The large size of the timber 

 prevents the use of a two-man crew unless a scaffold is constructed 

 on which the men can stand. This is not necessary because one 

 man with a 7- to 9-foot single-handled saw can cut logs to ad- 

 vantage by standing on the ground. He starts his cut with the 

 saw at an angle and gradually brings it towards the horizontal 

 as it nears the bottom of the log. Thick-barked timber requires 

 special preparation before bucking-up because the bark is a great 

 hindrance to the bucker. The practice in redwood forests is to 

 remove the bark from the log and when the refuse is dry to burn 

 over the area. Bucking-up is then carried on by one man as 

 described. The bark on Douglas fir logs tends to dull the saw 

 and is removed along the line of the saw-cut. 



