MEASUREMENT OF LOGS AND OTHER FOREST PRODUCTS 



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breaking down the shell into the cavity. On the other hand, 

 a log with a defective center can be sawed close to the rotten 

 core because the unsound wood prevents the shell from col- 

 lapsing. The loss on a 6-inch rotten center may be a stick 

 squaring 6 inches by 6 inches in size, while a hole of the same 

 diameter would cause a loss of a square at least 8 inches by 

 8 inches. With this modification the table can be used with 

 greater safety than many of the rule-of-thumb methods now 

 employed. 



In applying the table, the longest diameter of the defect is 

 measured, the loss is then determined from the cull table and sub- 

 tracted from the gross scale. The defect should be measured at 

 the large end if it runs through the log or appears at the large end 

 only; otherwise, measure at the small end. The table assumes 

 the loss of entire boards even if the defect is visible only at one 



end. 



CULL TABLE 



Loss THROUGH DEFECTS OF DIFFERENT DIAMETERS NEAR THE CENTERS OF LOGS 

 (Good for defects more than 4 inches from the bark.) 



Circular Shake. — This may be discounted in the same manner 

 as circular rot, by determining the diameter of the defect outside 

 of the shake "rings." When there is a solid core inside of the 



