138 LOGGING 



A record of the rations fed to horses and mules performing 

 various classes of labor has been collected and published. A 

 portion of a table is given on page 136 followed on page 137 by 

 some rations fed in the lumber regions. The weight of animals 

 to which the latter refers is not known definitely and a close 

 comparison cannot be made. They are of interest, however, 

 because they show variation from the feeds given in the table. 



Some of these materials, especially by-products like wheat 

 bran, vary considerably in weight, and the above figures can- 

 not be regarded as strictly accurate for all cases. Weighing 

 is, of course, always the safer way where it is desired to 

 feed definite amounts. 



WATER REQUIREMENTS 



The amount of water required by horses depends largely 

 upon the season of the year, the temperature of the air, the 

 character of the feed, the individual peculiarities of the horse 

 and the amount and character of the work performed. The 

 water requirements increase with a rise in temperature and with 

 the amount of work performed since both factors induce per- 

 spiration. 



Less water is required when concentrated or green succulent 

 foods are fed than when the bulk of the ration consists of coarse 

 fodder or of dry food. A horse under average conditions will 

 drink from fifty to sixty-five pounds of water daily, while under 

 heavy work or during warm weather from 85 to no pounds will 

 be consumed. Mules in Oklahoma, during hot summer weather, 

 consumed 113 pounds of water daily with a minimum of 107 

 pounds and a maximum of 175.^ The ration was composed of 

 grain and hay. 



Experiments conducted in the British Army showed that 

 horses, when allowed to drink at will, consumed about one-fourth 

 of their daily allowance in the morning, about three-eighths at 

 noon and the remainder at night. 



1 See Principles of Horse Feeding, by C. F. Langworthy. Farmers' Bulletin, 

 No. 170, U. S. Department of Agriculture. 



