SKIDWAYS AND STORAGE SITES 143 



construction and maintenance of a minimum mileage of road is 

 required. 



Landings. — -Temporary storage grounds, called "landings," 

 are made along the banks of driveable streams or on the edge of 

 lakes where logs are to be transported by water. Their form 

 depends on the character of the stream down which the logs are 

 to be driven. Where the stream is small and the storage area 

 limited, the logs are hand-decked from 15 to 30 feet high, in the 

 stream bed, parallel to the banks. When a large volume of flood 

 water is available in the spring, the logs may be dumped promis- 

 cuously into the stream and the floods relied upon to carry 

 them out. 



Logs placed on frozen streams or lakes are scattered over a 

 wide area in order to save the labor of decking and to prevent 

 the weight of the logs from breaking through the ice. 



For Wagon Haul. — Skid ways are seldom made for wagon 

 hauling. The logs are bunched in the forest in a place accessible 

 to the wagons and are loaded with the crosshaul and taken to a 

 skidway along the railroad or direct to the mill. 



For Railroad Haul. — These vary in character depending on 

 whether the logs are loaded on cars by animals or by power. 



Skidwa}' sites for animal loading with the crosshaul should 

 not be lower than the track because it is too difficult to handle 

 the logs. A straight "get-away" of 40 feet should be provided 

 on the side of the track opposite the skidway where the loading 

 team can travel back and forth. 



An area several hundred feet in length along the track may be 

 cleared for storage especially if the stand of timber is heavy and 

 hauling precedes rail transport by some weeks in which case 

 the skidway can then be used but once. Where hauling is 

 simultaneous with rail transport, skidways are filled repeatedly 

 and less storage space is required. 



With animal loading it is essential that the logs be carefully 

 piled parallel to the railroad track. The skidways consist of 

 two continuous rows of poles placed about 8 feet apart and ex- 

 tending at right angles to the track for a maximum distance of 

 100 feet. The logs are brought to the rear of the skidv/ay and 



