SLEDS AND SLED-HAULING 171 



Large logs are loaded with a team and cross-haul unless the 

 skid ways are higher than the sled bunks. 



Horse loaders or "jammers" are frequently used in the Lake 

 States. These consist of a derrick and swinging boom mounted 

 on a heavy sled, equipped with hoisting blocks and tackle. The 

 jammer is drawn from one skidway to another by a team, and is 

 placed directly behind the sleds to be loaded with the boom so 

 placed that logs may be gripped on the skidway with tackle, 

 elevated and transferred to the sleds. Power for hoisting is 

 furnished by the team which transports the jammer. 



Power loaders are occasionally used in the Lake States. 

 They are mounted on sleds and have a stiff boom and a hoisting 

 engine driven either by steam or gasoline. They are transported 

 from one skidway to another by animals and are used in a manner 

 similar to the horse jammer. 



Logs are bound on the sleds by chains. For high loads, 

 operators use a set of ten chains: Four ^-inch short bunk or 

 corner bind chains which are used to bind the two outer logs 

 of the bottom tier to the rear bunk and the rocker. Four 

 f-inch "deck chains" each consisting of two parts. The first 

 part is 24 feet long and one end is fastened to a ring on one side 

 of the rocker or bunk. The other section is about 2 feet in 

 length and is attached to the rocker or bunk on the end opposite 

 the long chain. It has a ring on the end and a secondary chain 

 with a grab hook attached also fastened to it. One pair of deck 

 chains is used to bind the load after the second tier of logs has 

 been put on, and the other pair after the fourth tier has been 

 loaded. Two f-inch wrapper chains each about 40 feet long are 

 passed around the completed load, but are not attached to the 

 sled. The chains have a ring or bunk hook on one end and a grab 

 hook on the other. 



Where large loads are hauled, a "potter" is sometimes used 

 to help bind the logs together. This is a round stick 3 or 4 

 inches in diameter and 2^ or 3 feet long, around the center of 

 which is fitted an iron clasp to which is fastened a short piece 

 of chain with a hook on the free end. Where two pairs of deck 

 chains are used, eight potters may be employed, four on each side 



