172 LOGGING 



of the load. After the deck chains are placed on the first two 

 tiers, the hooks on the potters are caught in links on each deck 

 chain. The potters on the far side are held in a vertical posi- 

 tion by a log rolled against them, while those nearest the skid- 

 way may be turned down until the sled is loaded, in order not 

 to offer interference. 



On well-maintained roads having favorable descending grades, 

 four horses can haul from 5000 to 8000 feet per load, while two 

 horses can haul from 2500 to 4000 feet. On unfavorable grades 

 the capacity of four horses may be from 2000 to 3000 feet, log 

 scale, and for two horses from 1250 to 1500 feet. 



The number of daily trips made by teams for given distances 

 is influenced by the weight and condition of the animals, the 

 character of the road and the time required to load and unload 

 the sleds. Horses tire on long hauls with heavy loads, conse- 

 quently more timber can be hauled with lighter loads because 

 of the greater speed possible. Horses cannot travel more than 

 24 miles daily for long periods, and this should be cut down to 

 20 miles when possible. The number of round-trips for a given 

 length of haul is approximately as follows : 



6-miIe haul 2 round-trips 



5-mile haul 2 round-trips 



4-mile haul 2-3 round-trips 



3-mile haul 3 round-trips 



2-mile haul 4-5 round-trips 



i-mile haul 6-7 round-trips 



Steam Log Haulers. — As early as 1885 the attention of loggers 

 was directed to the problem of introducing some form of mechani- 

 cal traction to replace horses on long sled hauls, but it was some 

 years before a satisfactory machine was placed on the market. 



In 1889, Geo. T. Glover placed four log haulers on operations 

 in Michigan. These were probably the first machines used for 

 this purpose and, although they were not a success, they were 

 the forerunners of the more recent ones that have proved to be 

 of great value. 



The first successful log hauler was patented by O. A. Lombard 

 of Waterville, Maine, who adopted the general principles of the 



