l82 LOGGING 



The chief distinction between the several patterns of carts is 

 in the mechanism for raising the logs from the ground. 



One type in the southern pine forests has a tongue about 9 

 feet long. The chains holding the grapples are attached to a 

 hand-winch with a horizontal axis which is mounted directly over 

 the axles. The load is raised from the ground by revolving the 

 winch with hand levers and it is kept from turning backward by 

 a ratchet. When the carts are not loaded the animals are 

 hitched short to facihtate hauling and guiding. Where large 

 logs are being handled the cart is driven to the small end of 

 the log, squared around over it and then backed to a point about 

 midway between the two ends so that when the log is elevated 

 the forward end will be clear from the ground and the rear end 

 dragging lightly. If the log does not hang properly when ele- 

 vated it is again lowered and the grapples attached at another 

 point. The tongue of the cart is fastened to the log by means 

 of a chain which is passed around it two or three times, then 

 carried forward and wrapped around the front end of the log. 

 The draft power is attached to the free end of the chain, or 

 to a chain on the end of the tongue. 



Another form of high wheeled log cart is one having a heavy 

 wooden bunk and a tongue from 12 to 16 feet long. A chain is 

 attached to the front side and passes over the top of the bunk, 

 ending in a ring to which the grapple hooks are fastened. In 

 operation the tongue is raised to a position slightly past the 

 vertical, being prevented from tipping backward by a pole 10 or 

 12 feet long which is fastened on the upper side of the tongue, 

 3 or 4 feet in front of the bunk. The elevation of the tongue 

 lowers the grapples to the ground so that they can be attached 

 to the log. A team then pulls the tongue to a horizontal posi- 

 tion, which raises the front end of the log clear of the ground. 

 The tongue is then chained to the log, the horses attached to the 

 front end of it and the load is ready to move. By using chains, 

 several logs may be handled at one time. 



Carts of this character are used for handling short hardwood 

 logs in the Lake States, sugar pine in California and yellow pine 

 in the South. 



