2l6 LOGGING 



ends of the logs if necessary and attach the chokers to the butt- 

 line. The chaser follows the logs to the landing to see that they 

 are not hung up en route, and to signal to the engineer in case 

 there is need for stopping the engine. The knotter cuts limbs 

 and knots from the logs before they are yarded. The head 

 loader is boss of the loading crew and is assisted by the second 

 loader and also by the spool tender who operates the loading 

 drum on the yarding engine, or the separate engine when one is 

 provided for loading. The block and stake maker cuts and 

 shapes blocks to fit into the pockets on the log cars. The signal 

 man stands near the hook tender and by means of signals, usually 

 given by pulling on a wire attached to the whistle of the yarder, 

 transmits the orders of the hook tender to the engineer. The 

 wood-buck cuts fuel for the yarder from logs, tops or waste 

 material. 



The first work of the yarding crew, when starting on a new 

 road, is to remove the material which is too large for the swamper 

 to handle. This is called "chunking." The work of yarding 

 logs begins when the road is cleared. The hook tender selects 

 the log he desires and the choker men proceed to adjust the 

 chokers, dogs or grabs to the log. A choker is a |-inch or i-inch 

 steel cable noose about 15 feet long, which is slipped over the 

 forward end of the log. The free end has an eye-splice which 

 is caught into the hook on the end of the butt-line. It is the 

 most common form of attachment now used. Dogs are large 

 steel hooks from 10 to 14 inches long, fastened together by a 

 chain or cable 4 feet or 5 feet long. These are driven into the 

 log and attached to the hook on the butt-line. They are most 

 serviceable in small timber, but do not hold to the logs well on a 

 heavy pull. Grabs are used in pairs and are connected by two 

 links of a stout chain to a common ring. They are driven in 

 notches cut on the sides of the log, and are so constructed that 

 the harder the pull on them, the greater their tenacity. 



When the logs are connected to the main cable by the butt-line 

 the hook tender signals the engineer to haul in on the cable and 

 the logs start down the road. Additional blocks and cables 

 are attached to the butt-line, in case it is necessary to side-line 



