RAILROAD CONSTRUCTION 



265 



Two-wheeled Dump Carls. — These are used for transporting 

 material for distances varying from 75 to 500 feet, and are 

 especially serviceable on short hauls and in narrow cuts. 



The average load of dump carts on level roads is 0.37 cubic 

 yards, and on steep ascents 0.25 cubic yards, ''place measure." 



On short hauls one driver attends two carts, leading one to 

 the dump while the other is being loaded. On long hauls he 

 may handle two carts by taking both at one time. The carts 

 are loaded at the pit by shovelmen. 



When wages are 15 cents, and horse hire 10 cents per hour 

 the average day's work on level ground for a one-horse cart of 

 \ cubic yard capacity, and the cost per cubic yard for plowing, 

 shoveling and hauling average earth are as follows : ^ 



Dump Wagons. — Where a wagon is used, a fiat-bottom, two- 

 horse type is preferred, which usually has the following capacity: 



An average team will travel 20 miles per day on fairly hard 

 earth roads, that is, 10 miles loaded and 10 miles without a 

 load. On poor roads and soft ground 15 miles is the maximum 

 distance. These rates of travel include occasional stops for 

 rests. 



When wages are 15 cents and horse hire 10 cents per hour, 



^ The figures on the amount of work performed and costs are based on data 

 contained in " Earthwork and its Cost," by H. P. Gillette. McGraw-Hill Book 

 Company, New York, 19 12. 



