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LOGGING 



the cost per cubic yard, and the average amounts of earth moved 

 daily are as follows : ^ 



Drag Scrapers. — A drag scraper is a steel scoop used for 

 moving earth for short distances. It is the preferable form for 

 stony ground and for soils filled with roots. It is drawn by two 

 horses. 



The No. 2 scraper, weighing about 100 pounds, is the one 

 commonly used, and costs from $10 to $15. Its actual capacity, 

 "place measure," is yo of a cubic yard of tough clay; i cubic 

 yard of gravel; or | cubic yard of loam. 



Drag scrapers work in units of three on short hauls, the teams 

 traveling about 50 feet apart in an ellipse. They are loaded 

 by an extra man as they pass the pit and are dumped by the 

 teamsters. 



On a 50-foot haul the average ten-hour output for a drag 

 scraper is 62 cubic yards of earth and gravel, and 40 cubic yards 

 of stiff clay. The cost per cubic yard of handling average earth 

 is approximately 9 cents for a 50-foot, and 10 cents for a 100-foot, 

 haul.^ Earth for scraper work is loosened with a plow or by 

 dynamite. 



Wheel Scrapers. — The wheel scraper consists of a steel scoop 

 hung low between two wheels. The following sizes are in com- 

 mon use: 



^ The figures on the amount of work performed and costs are based on data 

 contained in " Earthwork and its Cost," by H. P. Gillette. McGraw-Hill Book 

 Company, New York, 191 2. 



