268 



LOGGING 



one ton and holds about 5400 pounds of earth. A horse can 

 pull a loaded car on a level all day, and can go up 4 per cent 

 grades occasionally, if frequent rests are given. The hauling 

 ability of heavy horses pulling cars up different grades is ap- 

 proximately as follows: 



When wages are 15 cents and horse hire 10 cents per hour a 

 2-cubic-yard dump car drawn by one horse will move approxi- 

 mately the following yardage daily: 



The cars are loaded by shovelers, each handling from 15 to 

 18 cubic yards daily. ^ 



Steam Shovels. — Steam shovels are occasionally used on 

 logging railroad work where large cuts are to be made or heavy 

 ditching work done. "American" log loaders are offered on the 

 market with a steam shovel attachment so that the loader can be 

 converted into a shovel when desired. The dipper used has a 

 capacity of approximately ^e of ^ cubic yard, and under favor- 

 able circumstances from 50 to 60 cubic yards per hour can be 

 moved. Regular steam shovel work costs from 9 cents per cubic 

 yard upward. 



^ The figures on the amount of work performed and costs are based on data 

 contained in "Earthwork and its Cost," by H. P. Gillette. McGraw-Hill Book 

 Company. New York, 1912. 



