3l6 LOGGING 



car. They are usually thrown away at the unloading point. 

 If bunk loads only are hauled and the logs do not occup}- the 

 entire floor of the car, the bunks are equipped with adjustable 

 ''chock blocks," or dogs, which are fitted to the bunk close to 

 the log; or rough blocks or small logs may be inserted between 

 the logs and the stakes to make the load solid. Where a top 

 load is put on a car, the logs wedge between those on the car 

 floor and make a compact load. 



(2) Patent Drop Stakes. — These project from 2 to 3 feet 

 above the car floor and are equipped with safety trip devices for 

 use in unloading. The logs are seldom bound with chains unless 

 the load is built high. 



(3) Long Stakes. — For carrying high loads cars are often 

 equipped with stakes from 5 to 6 feet long, which are cut from 

 saplings or made from sawed material. They are inserted in the 

 stake pockets, and after the greater part of the load has been 

 placed in position the stakes on the opposite sides of the car are 

 bound together with heavy wire, cable, or with chains to prevent 

 the load from spreading at the top. The remainder of the load 

 is then placed on top of the binders. Saphng stakes with wire 

 binds are used where it is not feasible to return stakes and bind- 

 ing material to the forest for further use. 



(4) Chains. — Logs may also be made secure with binder 

 chains. After the main body of the load has been placed on the 

 car, either a chain is passed around each end of the load, or one 

 chain may be passed around the center. In the latter case 

 corner bind chains are used if the car is not provided with stakes. 

 Each set consists of two chains, one of which is fastened near the 

 center, and the other to the outer end of the bunk. The first 

 chain is about 2 feet long and the free end terminates in a ring, 

 3 or 4 inches in diameter. The second chain is several feet long 

 and its free end tenninates in a grab hook. When the first tier 

 of logs is loaded on the car, the corner binds are adjusted on 

 the two outside logs. This is accomplished by placing the long 

 chain over the log, passing the grab hook and chain through the 

 ring in the short chain, drawing the long chain taut and locking 

 it at the ring with the grab hook. The top load is then placed 



