LOADING AND UNLOADING CARS 333 



water. This consists of a framework composed of three parallel 

 sets of stringers, spaced 8 feet apart, which extend along the 

 water's edge for from 400 to 600 feet. The outer stringer projects 

 over the water's edge and is supported on piling or on timbers 

 that rest on solid bottom, while the other stringers are supported 

 on round or square uprights placed from 4 to 6 feet apart. 

 Heavy round or square timbers, often shod with railroad iron, 

 are placed on top of and at right angles to the stringers, and serve 

 as a bed over which the logs are rolled. These timbers are 

 spaced from 4 to 6 feet apart on the stringers and have a pitch 

 of from 15 to 25 degrees. The upper ends are placed level with 

 the top of the car bunks. 



When the water is shallow near the rollway, the logs are 

 shunted into deep water by sloping skids which extend from the 

 lower stringer to the bed of the pond or stream. 



The railroad track is laid parallel with the rollway and close 

 enough so that the top of the car bunks will be about 6 inches 

 distant. To facilitate unloading, the outer rail is elevated from 

 12 to 15 inches thus throwing the side of the car next the rollway 

 at a lower level. Many of the logs will roll from the car into the 

 pond when the car stakes are removed, the dogs on the car bunks 

 lowered, or the binding chains loosened. The remainder of the 

 logs are rolled off the car by means of cant hooks or peavies. 

 This is one of the simplest methods and is widely used in the 

 Lake States and southern yellow pine region where the timber is 

 of medium size. 



On the Pacific Coast where logs are often unloaded into tide- 

 water and rafted, the track is built on piling either over the 

 water or else along the side of the bank. The structure is long 

 enough to accomodate twenty cars or more. Some protection 

 must be given the piling supporting the track and when the 

 trestle is in deep water this is accomplished by driving a pile 

 at the end of each tie. These piles are cut off about two feet 

 below the level of the track and are beveled on top to shunt 

 off the falling logs. x\n additional row of piles is sometimes 

 driven just outside the first one and beveled off in a similar 

 manner. When the trestle is located on land, a slanting roll- 



