334 LOGGING 



way must be built out far enough to carry the logs into deep 

 water. 



The outer rail of the track is elevated from 8 to 12 inches, 

 either by leaving the outer legs of the trestle longer, or by elevat- 

 ing the outer ends of the crossties by means of blocking. 



When car stakes are used the practice is either to knock them 

 out with a maul, or to cut them off with an ax. Logs often will 

 roll ofif the cars unaided, but when assistance is required, jacks 

 are used for log trucks and often for fiats. Power unloaders 

 of the character described on page 336 are in occasional use for 

 unloading flats and skeleton cars. 



For dry land storage at mills, skidways are built on one or 

 both sides of the device used for conveying logs into the mill. 

 The skidways are wide enough to hold one car of logs, and long 

 enough to accomodate the required number of cars. 



Storage skidways consist of a series of parallel skids placed 

 at right angles to the railroad track, and supported on timbers 

 placed on the ground. The skids slope toward the center at an 

 angle of from 10 to 12 degrees to facilitate handling the logs. 

 The outer rail of the track is elevated to aid in unloading. 



Power Unloaders. — There are several types of power unloaders 

 used which are employed chiefly on the Pacific Coast where large 

 and long logs are handled. However, some types are used in the 

 Lake States and in the hardwood region. 



Swinging-boom log loaders which pick logs from the car and 

 deposit them on either side of the track are among the devices 

 used where logs are stored in piles on dry ground. 



An overhead cableway system, supported on two spars from 

 500 to 600 feet apart and spanning the railroad track on which the 

 logs are brought in, is another scheme employed where logs are 

 stored in piles. The trolley is operated in a manner similar to 

 the overhead cableway logging system (page 198). 



An ingenious device called a log dump is used at some plants. 

 One built in Washington consists of two dumps separated by 

 30 feet of stationary track, the entire structure being supported 

 on piling.^ The platform of each dump is 40 feet long and 



1 The Timberman, August, 191 2; p. 68. 



