378 



LOGGING 



power engines and a large capstan or windlass. The boats are 

 propelled either by twin screws or side wheels and are so con- 

 structed that they may be drawn overland on skids under their 

 own power. When towing, a cable is fastened to some con- 

 venient tree on shore or an anchor is thrown out several hun- 

 dred feet in advance of the raft and the tug then run back and 

 attached to the raft which is advanced by winding up the cable 

 on the capstan. Under a favorable wind a tug of this character 

 will handle 60,000 board feet and under a head wind, 30,000 feet. 



Fig. 



Headworks ' 



used to tow 

 Maine. 



Log 



Photograph by D. X. Rogers- 

 Raits across Small Lakes. 



The cost of drives on small streams ranges from 25 to 30 

 cents per thousand feet for a few miles up to $1.25 for a distance 

 of from 30 to 50 miles. As a rule transport on small streams is 

 more expensive per thousand feet per mile than on large ones, 

 because of the limited amount of timber handled, the rough 

 character of the channel, and the greater number of improve- 

 ments per mile that are required. 



Individual drives on small streams are in charge of a foreman 

 who often is the woods superintendent, or the boss of the log- 

 ging camp at which the timber was cut. One or more sub- 

 foremen aid him. 



