FLUMES AND LOG SLUICES 405 



where they are rolled onto cars. The water from the flume 

 falls onto a waterwheel which drives the rollers when the latter 

 are thrown into gear. 



Another type of terminal, known as the "elephant," is shown 

 in Fig. 127. The flume forks several times near the terminal 

 and forms branches. Logs are diverted into a given branch by 

 closing the branches not in use, and the logs are run out to the 

 end of the terminal and fall in a rough-and-tumble heap below. 



The type of terminal shown in A, Fig. 128, is often used when 

 lumber is dumped on platforms or loading stations. Lumber 

 shoots out from the end of the flume and piles up on the platform 

 at the base of the terminal. When one side becomes filled the 

 shunt board is turned and the lumber diverted to the opposite 

 side. 



A form of terminal similar to B, Fig. 128, may be used for 

 crossties and heavy timber. The timbers are removed by hand 

 from the rollers and piled on the unloading platform or on trucks. 



CONSTRUCTION 



The general methods of constructing a V-flume are illustrated 

 by one built in Washington for the transport of 40,000 board 

 feet of lumber and crossties daily. The product to be handled 

 ranged in length from 8 to 32 feet. 



The flume had a maximum height of 128 feet, maximum 

 curves of 8 degrees, and a 3 per cent grade on the upper part and 

 0.66 per cent on the lower end. Lumber floated at the rate 

 of 3 miles per hour. 



Bents were placed 15.75 feet apart for heights of 65 feet and 

 under, and 23.5 feet apart for heights in excess of this. The 

 batter posts on all trestles under 75 feet were spaced 4 feet apart 

 at the cap, and for heights greater than this 5 feet. The batter 

 in all cases was i in 4. In the bent construction only three 

 sizes of lumber were used, namely, i- by 6-inch, 2- by 6-inch, 

 and 2- by 4-inch, the latter being used for the fore-and-aft brac- 

 ing. As a rule only 16- and 24-foot lengths were used, because 

 this simplified the work, reduced the time lost in handling, and 

 very little lumber was wasted. A "select common" grade of 



