LOGGING METHODS 425 



deep for profitable felling, which is usually during the latter part 

 of December. Logs are decked on skidways along two-sled roads 

 and are either dragged to the yard by a single animal or a team, 

 or else hauled on a yarding sled. A skidding and a felling crew 

 of seven men can cut and skid from 5000 to 7000 feet daily on 

 a |-mile haul when a team and yarding sled are employed for 

 moving the timber. 



Chutes and log slides are occasionally employed on some opera- 

 tions to bring logs down steep slopes. 



Transportation. — Logs are usually transported from the skid- 

 ways to a landing on a stream on a two-sled drawn by two or 

 four horses, or on a yarding sled when the haul does not exceed 

 ^-mile. Steam log haulers are frequently substituted for animal 

 draft on long hauls. The logs are floated out of the small streams 

 during the early spring freshets and are driven down the large 

 streams during the summer. 



Railroad operations are not common, but where rail transport 

 is used logs are yarded and hauled on sleds to the railroad during 

 the winter months, and yarded directly to the railroad during 

 the summer. 



Flumes have been used in a few instances for bringing pulp- 

 wood from the forest to a stream down which it is driven. 



The common form of transporting logs to the mill is by float- 

 ing. Rafting is practiced only after the logs are sorted on the 

 lower stretches of the stream. Drives are conducted largely by 

 incorporated companies. 



COST OF OPERATION 



General camp expense. 



Toting supplies 



Road making 



Yarding 



Hauling 



Camp construction. . . . 

 Water transport 



Total 



$5.41 to $7.55 



