LOGGING METHODS 



429 



of the smaller operators; however, the loss from sunken timber 

 is from 25 to 33 per cent. 



Cost of Logging. — The following table shows the cost of animal 

 logging, during 191 1, on a flat bottom where the stand averaged 

 from 10,000 to 12,000 feet per acre. The railroad haul for two- 

 thirds of the output did not exceed 6 miles, and for the re- 

 mainder was about 20 miles. 



Logging: 



Cutting 



Swamping 



Hauling 



Feed 



Spur construction 



Fuel. 



Loading on cars 



Repairs (locomotives and cars) . 



Main-line expense 



General expense 



Manufacture: 



Sawmill 



Dry houses and yards 



Log pond 



Sales expense 



Planing mill 



Trucking and loading 



Discount 



Sundries 



Total cost, exclusive of stumpage. 



$0 



445 

 062 



590 

 205 

 605 

 055 

 346 

 133 

 136 

 359 



$2,936 



395 

 122 

 074 

 485 

 833 

 690 

 172 

 139 



$6.910 



$9,846 



The average sale value of the product f.o.b. mill was $15.30. 



On another operation where the stand averaged 5100 feet per 

 acre, the topography was rolling, the main-line railroad haul was 

 10 miles and the logs were moved on wagons, the cost for the 

 year 1909 was as follows: 



Logging: 



Cutting and hauling 



Loading on cars 



Railroad construction and operation. . 

 Manufacture: 



Sawmill 



Drying, stacking and hauling 



Depreciation on stock (6 per cent) . . . . 



Planing and shipping 



Sundry expenses, insurance, etc 



Total cost, exclusive of stumpage. 



The average sale value f.o.b. mill was $13.03. 



